N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Downregulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

(1) Background: Sepsis-induced muscle atrophy is characterized by a loss of muscle mass and function which leads to decreased quality of life and worsens the long-term prognosis of patients. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it relieves muscle wasting caused by several diseases, whereas its effect on sepsis-induced muscle atrophy has not been reported. The present study investigated the effect of NAC on sepsis-induced muscle atrophy and its possible mechanisms.

Protective role of pretreatment with Anisodamine against sepsis-induced diaphragm atrophy via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

There is an increasing tendency for sepsis patients to suffer from diaphragm atrophy as well as mortality. Therefore, reducing diaphragm atrophy could benefit sepsis patients' prognoses. Studies have shown that Anisodamine (Anis) can exert antioxidant effects when blows occur.

Glutathione S-Transferase α4 Alleviates Hyperlipidemia-Induced Vascular Neointimal Hyperplasia in Arteriovenous Grafts via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Neointimal hyperplasia causes the failure of coronary artery bypass grafting. Our previous studies have found that endothelial dysfunction is 1 candidate for triggering neointimal hyperplasia, but which factors are involved in this process is unclear. Glutathione S-transferase α4 (GSTA4) plays an important role in metabolizing 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a highly reactive lipid peroxidation product, which causes endothelial dysfunction or death.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Endothelial Dysfunction Promotes Neointima Formation after Arteriovenous Grafts in Mice on High-fat Diet.

Objective: Endothelial dysfunction is one candidate for triggering neointima formation after arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), but the factors mediating this process are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced endothelial dysfunction in neointima formation following AVGs in high-fat diet (HFD) mice.

Methods: CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) knockout (KO) mice were created.

Astragaloside IV alleviates sepsis-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Background: Muscle atrophy occurs in patients with sepsis and increases mortality and disability. Remission of muscle atrophy may improve the quality of life in patients with sepsis. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) has been shown to have excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects and to reduce organ damage caused by sepsis.

Edge2Analysis: A Novel AIoT Platform for Atrial Fibrillation Recognition and Detection.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious medical condition of the heart potentially leading to stroke, which can be diagnosed by analyzing electrocardiograms (ECG). Technologies of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) enable smart abnormality detection by analyzing streaming healthcare data from the sensor end of users. Analyzing streaming data in the cloud leads to challenges of response latency and privacy issues, and local inference by a model deployed on the user end brings difficulties in model update and customization.

Efficacy and Safety of Anticoagulation Treatment in COVID-19 Patient Subgroups Identified by Clinical-Based Stratification and Unsupervised Machine Learning: A Matched Cohort Study.

To explore the efficacy of anticoagulation in improving outcomes and safety of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in subgroups identified by clinical-based stratification and unsupervised machine learning. This single-center retrospective cohort study unselectively reviewed 2,272 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Tongji Hospital between Jan 25 and Mar 23, 2020. The association between AC treatment and outcomes was investigated in the propensity score (PS) matched cohort and the full cohort by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis.

Evaluation of Adjunctive Ultrasonography for Breast Cancer Detection Among Women Aged 40-49 Years With Varying Breast Density Undergoing Screening Mammography: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Mammography has limited accuracy in breast cancer screening. Ultrasonography, when used in conjunction with mammography screening, is helpful to detect early-stage and invasive cancers for asymptomatic women with dense and nondense breasts.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of adjunctive ultrasonography with mammography for breast cancer screening, according to differences in breast density.

Sensitivity and specificity of mammography and adjunctive ultrasonography to screen for breast cancer in the Japan Strategic Anti-cancer Randomized Trial (J-START): a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Mammography is the only proven method for breast cancer screening that reduces mortality, although it is inaccurate in young women or women with dense breasts. We investigated the efficacy of adjunctive ultrasonography.

Methods: Between July, 2007, and March, 2011, we enrolled asymptomatic women aged 40-49 years at 42 study sites in 23 prefectures into the Japan Strategic Anti-cancer Randomized Trial (J-START).

Participants' understanding of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) through informed consent procedures in the RCT for breast cancer screening, J-START.

Background: It is often difficult to enrol healthy volunteers into a randomized controlled trial (RCT) as there are barriers to participants' proper understanding of a trial. This study aimed to evaluate degrees of understanding of the informed consent (IC) process among healthy volunteers who participated in an RCT. Additionally, factors associated with degree of understanding were investigated.

Classification tree analysis to enhance targeting for follow-up exam of colorectal cancer screening.

Background: Follow-up rate after a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is low worldwide. In order to increase the follow-up rate, segmentation of the target population has been proposed as a promising strategy, because an intervention can then be tailored toward specific subgroups of the population rather than using one type of intervention for all groups. The aim of this study is to identify subgroups that share the same patterns of characteristics related to follow-up exams after FOBT.

Factors associated with intentions to adhere to colorectal cancer screening follow-up exams.

Background: To increase adherence rate to recommendations for follow-up after abnormal colorectal cancer (CRC) screening results, factors that inhibit and facilitate follow-up must be identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with intention to adhere to CRC screening follow-up exams.

Methods: During a 4-week period in October 2003, this survey was conducted with 426 subjects participating in a community-based CRC screening program in Nagano, Japan.