Fetal growth trajectories of small/large for gestational age infants in twin pregnancies.

Background: Birthweight is the most common and accessible parameter in assessing neonatal perinatal outcomes and in evaluating the intrauterine environment globally. Infants born too large or too small not only may alter the maternal mode of delivery but also may face other long-term disorders, such as metabolic diseases and neurodevelopmental delay. Studies have revealed different growth profiles of large-for-gestational-age and small-for-gestational-age fetuses in singleton pregnancies.

Cut-off values of haemoglobin and clinical outcomes in incident peritoneal dialysis: the PDTAP study.

Background: To explore the cut-off values of haemoglobin (Hb) on adverse clinical outcomes in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients based on a national-level database.

Methods: The observational cohort study was from the Peritoneal Dialysis Telemedicine-assisted Platform (PDTAP) dataset. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and modified MACE (MACE+).

Telemedicine and Clinical Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Propensity-Matched Study.

Introduction: Telemedicine (TM) has shown to provide potential benefits on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease but limited evidences published in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) population. This study aimed to explore the long-term effects of TM on the mortality and technique failure.

Methods: The Peritoneal Dialysis Telemedicine-assisted Platform Cohort Study (PDTAP Study) was conducted prospectively in 27 hospitals in China since 2016.

Novel equation for estimating resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), determining energy expenditure is the precondition for recommending energy intake in nutrition management.

Objectives: We aimed to develop and validate a resting energy expenditure (REE) equation for patients with CKD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 300 patients with CKD (stages 3-5) according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The Peritoneal Dialysis Telemedicine-assisted Platform Cohort (PDTAP) Study: Design and methods.

Objectives: The primary objective of the Peritoneal Dialysis Telemedicineassisted Platform Cohort (PDTAP) Study is to explore potential predictors and their effects on patient survival, technique survival, and the occurrence of infectious and noninfectious complications.

Design: The PDTAP study is a national-level cohort study in China. A newly developed PD telemedicine application provided a unique and convenient way to collect multicenter, structured data across units.

The cut-off values of handgrip strength and lean mass index for sarcopenia among patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Sarcopenia is common and contributes to a high risk of mortality among general population. There is no consensus regarding the cut-off values for sarcopenia in terms of mortality among chronic kidney disease patients. This study aimed to explore and validate cut-off points of handgrip strength (HGS) and lean mass index (LMI) for estimating the risk of mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Observational studies have indicated an inverse association between vitamin D levels and the risk of diabetes, yet evidence from population interventions remains inconsistent. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to September 2017.

Dietary diversity scores: an indicator of micronutrient inadequacy instead of obesity for Chinese children.

Background: Micronutrient malnutrition affects the well-being of both adults and children. Dietary diversity score (DDS) is a useful evaluation index with a relatively well-developed guideline by FAO. It's meaningful to assess and predict inadequate micronutrient intakes using DDS in Chinese children, after ruling out the risk of obesity coming with more dietary diversity.

Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary factors influencing B-vitamins in human milk of urban Chinese lactating women at different lactation stages.

Background: Adequate B-vitamins concentrations in human milk are considered to be a prerequisite for healthy development of infants in early life. This study aims to determine the concentrations of B-vitamins in human milk from Chinese women and the relationships between their concentrations and different geographical origin, lactation stages, socioeconomic characteristics, and dietary intake.

Methods: Human milk was obtained from 443 healthy lactating women from Beijing ( = 150), Suzhou ( = 146), and Guangzhou ( = 147) cities.

Associations of sedentary behavior and physical activity with physical measurements and dyslipidemia in school-age children: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Physical activity and sedentary behavior are common factors influencing cardiovascular health. However, how school and leisure-time activity/sedentary behavior are associated with physical fitness and blood lipid levels in primary school children in consideration of gender disparity remains unclear.

Methods: Data was obtained from a health and nutrition survey on primary school children from nine areas in China.

Retrospective survey of the efficacy of mandatory implementation of the Essential Medicine Policy in the primary healthcare setting in China: failure to promote the rational use of antibiotics in clinics.

The objective of this study was to understand the impact of implementation of the Essential Medicine Policy (EMP) on the rational use of antibiotics in primary medical institutions in China. A retrospective survey was conducted in 39 primary medical institutions to compare the efficacy of EMP in rational antibiotic use. All institutions completed the survey 1 year before and 1 year after implementation of the EMP.

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and its association with overweight among young children from China.

Objective: To fully understand the sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption status among Chinese young children and to explore its association with weight gain.

Design: In this cross-sectional study, data on sociodemographic characteristics, SSB intake and weight/height were collected by means of face-to-face interviews. The intake of SSB among young Chinese children in relation to their age, different characteristics and types of SSB consumed is described, and the association between SSB intake and BMI-for-age Z-score and overweight is explored.

Gender and urban-rural difference in anthropometric indices predicting dyslipidemia in Chinese primary school children: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Childhood dyslipidemia is a critical factor of lifelong health. Therefore, screening and controlling dyslipidemia from childhood is a practical healthy strategy. However, few studies have examined the performance of anthropometric predictors of dyslipidemia in Chinese children, let alone the potential gender and urban-rural disparity.

Food groups consumed by infants and toddlers in urban areas of China.

Background: Food consumption patterns of young children in China are not well known.

Objective: Characterised food groups consumed by infants and young children in urban China using data from the Maternal Infant Nutrition Growth (MING) study.

Design: One 24-h dietary recall was completed for 1,350 infants and young children (436 infants aged 6-11 months and 914 young children aged 12-35 months), who were recruited from maternal and child care centres in eight cities via face-to-face interviews with the primary caregiver.

Novel Equations for Estimating Lean Body Mass in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

Unlabelled: ♦

Objectives: To develop and validate equations for estimating lean body mass (LBM) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. ♦

Methods: Two equations for estimating LBM, one based on mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and hand grip strength (HGS), i.e.

Nutrient Intakes of Pregnant Women and their Associated Factors in Eight Cities of China: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: During the last 3 decades, China has dramatic changes of the dietary pattern among its citizens, particularly in urban cities. This study aimed to determine the nutrient intake status and factors associated with nutrient intakes of urban Chinese pregnant women now-a-day.

Methods: The multistage stratified random sampling method was applied in the cross-sectional study.

Prevalence of picky eating behaviour in Chinese school-age children and associations with anthropometric parameters and intelligence quotient. A cross-sectional study.

Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of eating behaviour regarding dietary variety and nutrient intake of children. However, the association between picky eating and growth of children is still a topic of debate. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of picky eating and to identify possible associations with the growth of school-age children in China.

Use and prescription of antibiotics in primary health care settings in China.

Importance: Appropriate antibiotic use is a key strategy to control antibacterial resistance. The first step in achieving this is to identify the major problems in antibiotic prescription in health care facilities, especially in primary health care settings, which is where most patients receive medical care.

Objective: To identify current patterns of antibiotic use and explore the reasons for inappropriate prescription in primary health care settings in China.

Nutritional status of breast-fed and non-exclusively breast-fed infants from birth to age 5 months in 8 Chinese cities.

This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of infants aged 0 to 5 months by different feeding approaches. A cross-sectional study on infant nutrition was performed in eight cities in China. A total of 622 infants from birth to 2 months of age and 456 infants from 3 months to 5 months of age were included in this study.

Association between gestational weight gain according to prepregnancy body mass index and short postpartum weight retention in postpartum women.

Background & Aims: This study aims to assess the relationship among prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight retention, and to clarify the predictors of the amount of weight retained by Chinese women after pregnancy.

Methods: The multistage stratified random sampling was used in the cross-sectional study.

Results: The subjects included 1643 women.

Breast milk macronutrient composition and the associated factors in urban Chinese mothers.

Background: Infancy is a critical period of growth and physiological development, in which breast milk is the best source of nutrients. Compared to western countries, research on breast milk of Chinese population are limited. Thus, it is necessary to measure breast milk energy and macronutrient concentrations of healthy urban Chinese mothers at different lactation stages, to expand the database of milk composition of Chinese population, and to examine whether dietary or other maternal factors can affect the levels of macronutrients in breast milk.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease in China, 2008-12: an epidemiological study.

Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common childhood illness caused by enteroviruses. Increasingly, the disease has a substantial burden throughout east and southeast Asia. To better inform vaccine and other interventions, we characterised the epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease in China on the basis of enhanced surveillance.