Regionalization of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in the small intestine of the Bactrian camel.

Introduction: Peyer's patches (PPs) are crucial antigen-inductive sites of intestinal mucosal immunity. Prior research indicated that, in contrast to other ruminants, PPs in the small intestine of Bactrian camels are found in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and display polymorphism. Using this information, we analyzed the microbial and metabolic characteristics in various segments of the Bactrian camel's small intestine to further elucidate how the immune system varies across different regions.

Age-dependent distribution of IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells in the pharyngeal tonsil of the Bactrian camel.

The pharyngeal tonsil, located in the nasopharynx, can effectively defend against pathogens invading the body from the upper respiratory tract and play a crucial role in mucosal immunity of the respiratory tract. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) serve as key effector molecules in mucosal immunity, exhibiting multiple immune functions. This study aimed to investigate the distribution patterns and age-related alterations of IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the pharyngeal tonsils of Bactrian camels.

Antibody preparation and age-dependent distribution of TLR8 in Bactrian camel spleens.

Background: Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) can recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and exert multiple immunological functions through activation of signaling cascades. However, the precise distribution and age-related alterations of TLR8 in the spleens of Bactrian camels have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to prepare a rabbit anti-Bactrian camel TLR8 polyclonal antibody and elucidate the distribution of TLR8 in the spleens of Bactrian camels at different age groups.

Aberrant lncRNA-mRNA expression profile and function networks during the adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells from patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

We have already demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (ASMSCs) exhibited greater adipogenic differentiation potential than those from healthy donors (HDMSCs). Here, we further investigated the expression profile of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA, aiming to explore the underlying mechanism of abnormal adipogenic differentiation in ASMSCs. HDMSCs and ASMSCs were separately isolated and induced with adipogenic differentiation medium for 10 days.