The influence of temperature induced changes in the composition of MFGM on membrane phase transition and nanomechanical properties.

Biomimetic membrane was investigated as model systems to mimic the structure of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and to study the effects of thermal processing-induced changes in MFGM fractions on membrane morphology and physical properties. Molecular docking was utilized to screen xanthine oxidase (XO) as the MFGM protein most likely to bind to phospholipid molecules on MFGM. Fluorescence spectroscopy verified that XO formed stable complexes with DOPE, DPPC, and PS 18:0-18:1, with the strongest binding to DOPE.

Enantioselective Hydrofunctionalization of Cyclobutenones: Total Synthesis of gem-Dimethylcyclobutane Natural Products.

Cyclobutanes with a gem-dimethyl group are common motifs in natural products. However, strategies for constructing enantioenriched gem-dimethyl cyclobutanes are still underdeveloped. Herein, we report an enantioselective approach to synthesize a broad group of chiral 2,3-disubstituted cyclobutanones through sequential 1,4-conjugate addition/trapping/cross-coupling of readily available cyclobutenones.

Effect of laser wavelength on soil carbon measurements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

We investigate the effect of laser wavelength on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) on the measurement of carbon in agricultural soils. Two laser wavelengths, 1064 nm and 532 nm, were used to determine soil carbon concentration. No chemical pretreatment, grinding, or pelletization was performed on soil samples to simulate in-field conditions.

Comprehensive quality evaluation of plant-based cheese analogues.

Background: In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for plant-based cheese analogues, however, the protein content of plant-based cheeses currently on the market is generally low and cannot meet the nutritional needs of consumers.

Results: Based on the ideal value similarity method (TOPSIS) analysis the best recipe for plant-based cheese was 15% tapioca starch, 20% soy protein isolate, 7% gelatine as a quality enhancer and 15% coconut oil. The protein content of this plant-based cheese was170.

Effects of various thermal treatments on interfacial composition and physical properties of bovine milk fat globules.

This study aimed to investigate changes of milk fat globules (MFG) and their membranes after thermal treatments, and further analyzed the relationship between the stability of MFG and interfacial compositions of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). We characterized the influence of three kinds of thermal treatments on fat globule interfacial components (including interfacial phospholipids and interfacial protein) and physical properties using phospholipidomics and several microscopy techniques. The results showed that size of MFG increased from 2.

Lipid rafts may affect the coalescence of milk fat globules through phase transition after thermal treatment.

This study aimed to investigate changes of fat globules and their membranes, and further analyze evolution of lipid profile of lipid rafts in membranes during heat processing of cow milk. Size of fat globules increased from 3.16 μm to 3.

Enantioselective Synthesis of 3-Substituted Cyclobutenes by Catalytic Conjugate Addition/Trapping Strategies.

A copper-catalyzed tandem process to generate chiral cyclobutene derivatives has been developed. It is based on an enantioselective conjugate addition or reduction of a cyclobutenone and sequential trapping with a chlorophosphate in a one-pot process. These phosphates are stable under mildly acidic conditions and serve as good electrophiles in Negishi coupling reactions.