Unraveling the immunological landscape and gut microbiome in sepsis: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and prognosis.

Background: Comprehensive and in-depth research on the immunophenotype of septic patients remains limited, and effective biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis are urgently needed in clinical practice.

Methods: Blood samples from 31 septic patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 25 non-septic ICU patients, and 18 healthy controls were analyzed using flow cytometry for deep immunophenotyping. Metagenomic sequencing was performed in 41 fecal samples, including 13 septic patients, 10 non-septic ICU patients, and 18 healthy controls.