UV-Aged Nanoplastics Increase Mercury Toxicity in a Marine Copepod under Multigenerational Exposure: A Carrier Role.

Aged plastics possess diverse interactive properties with metals compared to pristine ones. However, the role of aging for nanoplastics (NPs) in being a carrier of mercury (Hg), a common marine environmental pollutant, and their combined effects remain unclear. This study investigated the carrier effect of ultraviolet-aged NPs on Hg and the ensuing toxicity in a marine copepod under a multigenerational scenario.

Hyposterolactone A, a 3α-Hydroxy Steroidal Lactone from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Hypocrea sp. ZEN14.

Chemical investigation of the deep-sea-derived fungus Hypocrea sp. ZEN14 afforded a new 3α-hydroxy steroidal lactone, hyposterolactone A (1) and 25 known secondary metabolites (2-26). The structure of the new compound was established by detailed spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation as well as a J-based configuration analysis.

Metabolic tuning of a stable microbial community in the surface oligotrophic Indian Ocean revealed by integrated meta-omics.

Unlabelled: Understanding the mechanisms, structuring microbial communities in oligotrophic ocean surface waters remains a major ecological endeavor. Functional redundancy and metabolic tuning are two mechanisms that have been proposed to shape microbial response to environmental forcing. However, little is known about their roles in the oligotrophic surface ocean due to less integrative characterization of community taxonomy and function.

Anti-HIV Compounds from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Chaetomium globosum.

Chemical investigation on the deep-sea-derived fungus Chaetomium globosum led to the isolation of nine compounds. By extensive analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR as well as HR-ESI-MS spectra, their structures were elucidated as xylariol A (1), 1,3-dihydro-4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methylisobenzofuran (2), epicoccone B (3), epicoccolide B (4), chaetoglobosin G (5), chaetoglobosin F (6), cochliodone A (7), cochliodone B (8), and chaetoviridin A (9), assorting as four phenolics (1-4), two cytochalosans (5-6), and three azaplilones (7-9). Compounds 1-3 were firstly reported from C.

sp. nov., isolated from seashore sediment of a forest and emended descriptions of the genus Park . 2016.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, bacterium, designated CLL3-39 was isolated from seashore sediment collected at a forest in the Marine Ecology Special Reserve of Changyi, Shandong Province, PR China. Cells of strain CLL3-39 were olive-shaped and no flagellum was observed. Strain CLL3-39 grew optimally at 33 °C, pH 7.

Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Microbial Community Structure and Metabolic Potential for Nitrogen Acquisition in the Oligotrophic Surface Water of the Indian Ocean.

Despite being the world's third largest ocean, the Indian Ocean is one of the least studied and understood with respect to microbial diversity as well as biogeochemical and ecological functions. In this study, we investigated the microbial community and its metabolic potential for nitrogen (N) acquisition in the oligotrophic surface waters of the Indian Ocean using a metagenomic approach. Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria dominated the microbial community with an average 37.

Discovery of andrastones from the deep-sea-derived Penicillium allii-sativi MCCC 3A00580 by OSMAC strategy.

Andrastones are unusual 6,6,6,5-tetracyclic meroterpenoids that are rarely found in nature. Previously, three andrastones were obtained from the rice static fermentation extract of the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium allii-sativi MCCC 3A00580. Inspired by one strain many compounds (OSMAC) approach, the oat static fermentation on P.

sp. nov., isolated from deep seawater of the Pacific Ocean.

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain C16B3, which was isolated from deep seawater of the Pacific Ocean. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase- positive and rod-shaped. Growth was observed at salinities of 0-8.

, sp. nov., isolated from offshore sediment.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated CLL7-20, was isolated from a marine sediment sample from offshore of Changyi, Shandong Province, China. Cells of strain CLL7-20 were rod-shaped, motile with one or more polar flagella, and grew optimally at pH 7.0, at 28 °C and with 3 % (w/v) NaCl.

Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review.

The deep sea, which is defined as sea water below a depth of 1000 m, is one of the largest biomes on the Earth, and is recognised as an extreme environment due to its range of challenging physical parameters, such as pressure, salinity, temperature, chemicals and metals (such as hydrogen sulphide, copper and arsenic). For surviving in such extreme conditions, deep-sea extremophilic microorganisms employ a variety of adaptive strategies, such as the production of extremozymes, which exhibit outstanding thermal or cold adaptability, salt tolerance and/or pressure tolerance. Owing to their great stability, deep-sea extremozymes have numerous potential applications in a wide range of industries, such as the agricultural, food, chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological sectors.

Shewanella intestini sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of abalone, Haliotis diversicolor.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium with a singular polar flagellum, designated as strain XMDDZSB0408T, was isolated from the intestine of adult abalone, Haliotis diversicolor. Activity of oxidase was positive and catalase activity was negative. It could grow at salinities from 3 to 6 % NaCl (w/v), and pH 7-9.

The Histone-Like Nucleoid Structuring Protein (H-NS) Is a Negative Regulator of the Lateral Flagellar System in the Deep-Sea Bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3.

Although the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) is well known for its involvement in the adaptation of mesophilic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, to cold environments and high-pressure stress, an understanding of the role of H-NS in the cold-adapted benthic microorganisms that live in the deep-sea ecosystem, which covers approximately 60% of the earth's surface, is still lacking. In this study, we characterized the function of H-NS in Shewanella piezotolerans WP3, which was isolated from West Pacific sediment at a depth of 1,914 m. Anhns gene deletion mutant (WP3Δhns) was constructed, and comparative whole-genome microarray analysis was performed.

Molecular characterization of the modular chitin binding protein Cbp50 from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian.

Bacillus thuringiensis is an insecticidal bacterium whose chitinolytic system may be exploited to improve the insecticidal system of Bt-crops. A nucleotide fragment of 1368 bp from B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian S4, containing the complete coding sequence of the chitin binding protein Cbp50, was cloned and sequenced.

Molecular characterization of cold-inducible beta-galactosidase from Arthrobacter sp. ON14 isolated from Antarctica.

A psychrotrophic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. ON14, isolated from Antarctica, was shown to exhibit a high beta-galactosidase activity at a low temperature. A genomic library of ON14 was constructed and screened for beta-galactosidase genes on functional plates containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) as the substrate.

Aeromonas caviae CB101 contains four chitinases encoded by a single gene chi1.

Aeromonas caviae CB101 secretes four chitinases (around 92, 82, 70, and 55 kDa) into the culture supernatant. A chitinase gene chi1 (92 kDa) was previously studied. To identify the genes encoding the remaining three chitinases, a cosmid library of CB101 was constructed to screen for putative chitinase genes.

Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus sp. nov., a psychrotrophic bacterium isolated from Antarctica.

A psychrotrophic Arthrobacter strain, GP3(T), was isolated from Adélie penguin guano from Antarctica and characterized. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed the highest similarity (97.8 %) with that of Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus B7(T).

Role and regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis in the response of Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 to different temperatures and pressures.

Members of the genus Shewanella inhabit various environments; they are capable of synthesizing various types of low-melting-point fatty acids, including monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) with and without eicosapentanoic acid (EPA). The genes involved in fatty acid synthesis in 15 whole-genome-sequenced Shewanella strains were identified and compared. A typical type II fatty acid synthesis pathway in Shewanella was constructed.