Breath and Beyond: Advances in Nanomedicine for Oral and Intranasal Aerosol Drug Delivery.

Designing and standardizing drug formulations are crucial for ensuring the safety and efficacy of medications. Nanomedicine utilizes nano drug delivery systems and advanced nanodevices to address numerous critical medical challenges. Currently, oral and intranasal aerosol drug delivery (OIADD) is the primary method for treating respiratory diseases worldwide.

Investigation of Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Deformable Nanovesicles for Insulin Nebulization Inhalation.

Nebulized inhalation offers a noninvasive method for delivering drugs to treat both local respiratory and systemic diseases. In this study, insulin was used as a model drug to design a series of deformable nanovesicles (DNVs) with key quality attributes, including particle size, deformability, and drug load capacity. We investigated the effects of these properties on aerosol generation, macrophage phagocytosis, and bloodstream penetration.

A fatty acid elongase complex regulates cell membrane integrity and septin-dependent host infection by the rice blast fungus.

Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) regulate biophysical properties of cell membranes to determine growth and development of eukaryotes, such as the pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The fatty acid elongase Elo1 regulates pathogenesis of M. oryzae by modulating VLCFA biosynthesis.

Role of Embinin in the reabsorption of nucleus pulposus in lumbar disc herniation: Promotion of nucleus pulposus neovascularization and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells.

Reabsorption of the nucleus pulposus (NP) in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the natural absorption or even complete disappearance of LDH. In order to better treat LDH, it is necessary to further study its mechanism and develop new therapeutic drugs. Clematidis Radix Et Rhizoma is a ranunculus family plant which has multiple biological activities, and Embinin is one of its bioactive ingredients.

Evidence From the China Family Panel Studies Survey on the Effect of Integrating the Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban and Rural Residents on the Health Equity of Residents: Difference-in-Differences Analysis.

Background: The fragmentation of the medical insurance system is a major challenge to achieving health equity. In response to this problem, the Chinese government is pushing to establish the unified Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) system by integrating the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance. By the end of 2020, URRBMI had been implemented almost entirely across China.

Correction: Co-expression of and generates high glyphosate-resistant alfalfa with low glyphosate residues.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00119-3.].

Construction of a glycosylation-mediated fluorescent biosensor for label-free measurement of site-specific 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in cancer cells with zero background signal.

Background: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as an epigenetic modification can regulate gene expression, and its abnormal level is related with various tumor invasiveness and poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the current methods for 5hmC assay usually involve expensive instruments/antibodies, radioactive risk, high background, laborious bisulfite treatment procedures, and non-specific/long amplification time.

Results: We develop a glycosylation-mediated fluorescent biosensor based on helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) for label-free detection of site-specific 5hmC in cancer cells with zero background signal.

NIR-II Conjugated Electrolytes as Biomimetics of Lipid Bilayers for In Vivo Liposome Tracking.

Liposomes serve as promising and versatile vehicles for drug delivery. Tracking these nanosized vesicles, particularly in vivo, is crucial for understanding their pharmacokinetics. This study introduces the design and synthesis of three new conjugated electrolyte (CE) molecules, which emit in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II), facilitating deeper tissue penetration.

[Clinical features and genetic analysis of three patients with Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome due to variants of FOXP3 gene].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of three patients with Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome.

Methods: Three patients with IPEX syndrome diagnosed at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 24, 2013 to July 29, 2019 were selected as the study subjects. Their clinical features, laboratory investigations and results of genetic testing were summarized.

Efficacy in bowel movement and change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipation patients treated with probiotics-containing products: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to pool the efficacy in bowel movement and explore the change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipated patients after probiotics-containing products treatment.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library for published studies and ClinicalTrials.

[Advancements in virtual screening techniques for study of enzyme inhibitor compounds].

Enzymes are closely associated with the onset and progression of numerous diseases, making enzymes a primary target in innovative drug development. However, the challenge remains in identifying compounds that exhibit potent inhibitory effects on the target enzymes. With the continuous expansion of the total number of natural products and increasing difficulty in isolating and enriching new compounds, traditional high-throughput screening methods are finding it increasingly challenging to meet the demands of new drug development.

Butyrate Alleviates High-Fat-Induced Metabolic Disorders Partially through Increasing Systematic Glutamine.

Obesity has emerged as a worldwide epidemic. Both butyrate and glutamine counteract obesity-related metabolic disorders; however, whether and how they synergistically cooperate with each other remains a mystery. In the study, a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat) was used to develop a model of obesity-related metabolic disorder and compared with administrated saline and sodium butyrate (SB, 300 mg/kg body weight) daily by gavage.

Co-expression of and generates high glyphosate-resistant alfalfa with low glyphosate residues.

Unlabelled: Weed competition seriously threatens the yield of alfalfa, the most important forage legume worldwide, thus generating herbicide-resistant alfalfa varieties is becoming a necessary cost-effective strategy to assist farmers for weed control. Here, we report the co-expression of plant codon-optimized forms of () and () genes, in alfalfa, via -mediated transformation. We established that the - co-expression alfalfa lines were able to tolerate up to tenfold higher commercial usage of glyphosate and produced approximately ten times lower glyphosate residues than the conventional cultivar.

The long noncoding RNA lnc-H19 is important for endurance exercise by maintaining slow muscle fiber types.

Skeletal muscle consists of different muscle fiber types whose heterogeneity is characterized by different metabolic patterns and expression of MyHC isomers. The transformation of muscle fiber types is regulated by a complex molecular network in which long noncoding (lnc) RNAs play an important role. In this study, we found that lnc-H19 is more enriched in slow muscle fibers.

RNA nanotechnology: A new chapter in targeted therapy.

Nanoparticles have been widely studied in the fields of biotechnology, pharmacy, optics and medicine and have broad application prospects. Numerous studies have shown significant interest in utilizing nanoparticles for chemically coating or coupling drugs, aiming to address the challenges of drug delivery, including degradability and uncertainty. Furthermore, the utilization of lipid nanoparticles loaded with novel coronavirus antigen mRNA to control the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a notable surge in research on nanoparticle vaccines.

Lnc-Malat1 promotes slow myofiber-type transformation through sponging miR-129-5p in C2C12 myotubes.

Long non-coding metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript (lnc-Malat1) emerges as a novel regulator in skeletal muscle development, while its function and the related mechanism is not fully revealed yet. In this study, knockdown of lnc-Malat1 by siRNA significantly inhibited the expression of myoblast marker genes (MyHC, MyoD, and MyoG) and slow muscle fiber marker genes (MyHC I), together with repressed expression of mitochondria-related genes COX5A, ACADM, CPTA1, FABP3, and NDUFA1. Overexpression of lnc-Malat1 exerted an opposite effect, promoting myoblast differentiation and slow muscle fiber formation.

LMO2 attenuates glycolytic metabolism and facilitates cytotoxic T-lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor environment of lung and breast cancers.

Aerobic glycolysis preferentially exists in many cancer cells. LMO2 is an adaptor protein ubiquitously expressed in many epithelia and their malignancies, and it mediates broad-spectrum protein interactions. In this study, results showed that LMO2 directly interacted with glycolytic enzymes PGK1, PGAM1 and LDHA/LDHB, attenuated the glycolytic metabolism flow characterized by decreased glucose intake, ATP production and lactic acid excretion in lung and breast cancer cells, and was positively associated with of CD8 T-lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.

Short-Term total and wildfire fine particulate matter exposure and work loss in California.

Background: Few studies investigated the impact of particulate matter (PM) on some symptom exacerbations that are not perceived as severe enough to search for medical assistance. We aimed to study the association of short-term daily total PM exposure with work loss due to sickness among adults living in California.

Methods: We included 44,544 adult respondents in the workforce from 2015 to 2018 California Health Interview Survey data.

Ramulus mori (Sangzhi) alkaloids regulates gut microbiota disorder and its metabolism profiles in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet.

The imbalance of gut microbiota has been confirmed to have a close pathological and physiological correlation with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) Alkaloids (SZ-A) derived from twigs of mulberry was approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China in 2020 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to its hypoglycemic effect, previous studies have confirmed that SZ-A also alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and ameliorates obesity-linked adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation, indicating the potential of SZ-A to regulate obesity and metabolic syndrome.

A dissected LMO2 functional analysis and clinical relevance in brain gliomas.

Brain glioma is one of the cancer types with worst prognosis, and LMO2 has been reported to play oncogenic functions in brain gliomas. Herein, analysis of datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicated that higher LMO2 level in patient samples indicated worse prognosis in lower grade gliomas (LGG) but not glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Further, in tumor tissues consisting of a variety of cell types, LMO2 level indicated intratumoral endothelium and pattern recognition receptor (PRR) response in both LGGs and GBMs, and additionally indicated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte, M2 macrophage infiltration and fibroblast specifically in LGGs.