Emerging Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Cancer Neuroscience.

It has become increasingly recognized that neural signals can profoundly influence the prognosis of various cancer types. In the past years, we have witnessed "cancer neuroscience," which primarily focuses on the complex crosstalk between tumors and neural signals, emerging as a new, multidisciplinary direction of biomedical science. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of this research frontier, with an emphasis on the neuroimmune mechanisms enacted through the reciprocal interactions between tumors and the central or peripheral nervous system.

Chirality Interplay of Peptide and Saccharide on Glycopeptide Self-Assembly.

Saccharides and peptides with markedly disparate stereochemical features serve as pivotal chiral molecular partners in living systems. The importance of glycosylation in influencing glycopeptide self-assembly has been recognized. However, how different chiral combinations of saccharides and peptides influence the macroscopic hydrogel mechanics, fiber nanomechanics, asymmetric molecular packing, and thermodynamic changes during glycopeptide self-assembly remains unknown.

Danshensu enhances autophagy and reduces inflammation by downregulating TNF-α to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in ischemic flaps.

Background: The significant distal necrosis of the random-pattern skin flaps greatly restricts their clinical applications in flap transplantation. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of danshensu (DSS) to alleviate ischemic tissue injury. However, no research to date has confirmed whether DSS can improve the survival of ischemic flaps.

TIA1-Mediated Stress Granules Promote the Neuroinflammation and Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Upregulating IL-31RA Signaling.

The dysfunction of stress granules (SGs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, with T cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) being a key component of SGs. However, the role and mechanism of TIA1-mediated SGs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) remain unclear. In this study, upregulation of TIA1, its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and co-localization with G3BP1 (a marker of SGs) are observed in the spinal cord neurons of EAE mice.

Sorafenib Promotes Treg Cell Differentiation To Compromise Its Efficacy via VEGFR/AKT/Foxo1 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Sora is the first-line drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, acquired resistance to Sora treatment largely hinders its therapeutic efficacy, and the mechanisms underlying Sora resistance remain poorly understood. Here, we revealed a new mechanism by which Sora promotes the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells to suppress the immune response in the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME) and induce Sora resistance.

Association of α-klotho concentrations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in American adults with depression: a national prospective cohort study.

This study examines α-klotho levels in depressed American adults and their association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2016) and mortality details from the National Death Index up to December 31, 2019. Including 3329 participants with depression, findings revealed 485 all-cause and 113 cardiovascular deaths. To investigate the nonlinear association between α-klotho and mortality, the Cox proportional hazards regression model, restricted cubic splines, and two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model were developed.

Diagnostic Value of RDW-Albumin Ratio for the Prediction of Mortality in Sepsis Associated Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The correlation between RAR is linked to negative outcomes in sepsis, but it remains uncertain if RAR is connected to prognosis in patients with sepsis-related NTIS. So we investigated it in this study.

Methods: Patients with sepsis-associated NTIS admitted to Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, between March 2013 and April 2017 were included in the study.

Genomic and virulent characterization of a duck-associated Salmonella serovar Potsdam from China.

Salmonella, a common zoonotic pathogen, is a significant concern for public health, particularly when it contaminates animal-borne products. The potential for Salmonella to infect duck embryos and disrupt their normal development not only causes substantial economic losses for the industry but also poses a severe threat to public health. However, there is a lack of understanding about the prevalence of Salmonella in duck embryos and their potential public health implications.

Correlation Between Lipoprotein(a) and Prognosis for Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a risk factor for first atherosclerotic thrombosis events, but the role of elevated Lp(a) in secondary prevention is controversial. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the influence of elevated Lp(a) levels on the prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods: The team collected and compared clinical information of patients hospitalized during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Uncommon Cardiac Perforation and Lead Displacement After Pacemaker Implantation: A Case Study and Diagnostic Insights.

BACKGROUND Pacemaker implantation serves as a prevalent therapeutic approach for bradycardia or atrioventricular blocks associated with syncope. While generally regarded as safe, this procedure is not devoid of rare yet severe complications. Examples include lead-induced cardiac perforation resulting in pneumothorax or pericardial effusion, which pose life-threatening risks.

Exogenous dihomo-γ-linolenic acid triggers ferroptosis via ACSL4-mediated lipid metabolic reprogramming in acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death caused by excessive iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. According to various studies, there may be a link between ferroptosis and lipid metabolism. However, few studies have been reported on the lipid metabolism of ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Synergistic effect of P2, O3 phase on biphasic layered oxide with enhanced electrochemical performance for sodium storage.

Oxides with a layered structure are regarded as prospective candidates for use as cathodes in the next generation of sodium ion batteries. These materials, which exhibit a P2 structure and O3 structure, possess distinctive advantages that give rise to disparate electrochemical performance. Herein, a thermodynamically and kinetically stable P2/O3 biphasic layered oxide with a chemical formula of KNaNiMnO is synthesized using a simplistic high temperature solid-state method.

Tumor-Derived GDF15 Induces Tumor Associated Fibroblast Transformation From BMSCs and Fibroblasts in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant stromal cell-type in the solid tumor microenvironment, originating from various cell types and playing a crucial role in promoting tumor progression and metastasis The generation of CAFs is influenced by complex factors secreted by tumor cells, with particular emphasis on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). However, it remains largely unknown whether growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), as a member of the TGF-β superfamily, exerts similar effects to TGF-β in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we investigated the impact of GDF15 derived from tumor cells on CAF transformation and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.

Roles of boron in preventing cadmium uptake by Capsicum annuum root tips: Novel insights from ultrastructural investigation and single-cell RNA sequencing.

Sufficient boron (B) can reduce cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Ultrastructural analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to investigate the changes of the Casparian strip of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) root tips exposed to Cd under different B supplements, lignin formation-related gene expression and regulation in the endodermis to deeper understand the molecular mechanisms by which B inhibits root Cd uptake.

Disease-specific suppressive granulocytes participate in glioma progression.

Glioblastoma represents one of the most aggressive cancers, characterized by severely limited therapeutic options. Despite extensive investigations into this brain malignancy, cellular and molecular components governing its immunosuppressive microenvironment remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a distinct neutrophil subpopulation, termed disease-specific suppressive granulocytes (DSSGs), present in human glioblastoma and lower-grade gliomas.

A CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated dual-mode luminescence and colorimetric nucleic acid biosensing platform based on upconversion nanozyme.

In this study, a CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated dual-mode upconversion luminescence/colorimetric nucleic acid biosensing platform is developed based on UCNP@SiO/CeO (UNSC) nanozyme. Here, UNSC is conjugated with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes used as both peroxidase-like nanozyme and upconversion luminescence donors. When no target nucleic acid is present, ssDNA-conjugated UNSC attaches on magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) via pi-pi stacking force, resulting in upconversion luminescence quenching (OFF) and no color change after magnetic removal of nanozymes attached on the MGO.

Comparative analysis of circadian lighting models: melanopic illuminance vs. circadian stimulus.

The influence of light exposure on human circadian rhythms has been widely recognized. This effect is mediated by a phototransduction process projected by the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The process also involves signal inputs from visual photoreceptors.

Microwave power self-coherent reference measurement based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.

Microwave detection based on optical detection magnetic resonance technology (ODMR) of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers is simple and non-invasive. However, in high microwave power ranges, saturation appears and cannot be used for accurate power measurement. The self-coherent reference measurement for high-power microwave based on ODMR of NV centers has been demonstrated.

Interweavable Metalloporphyrin-Based Fibers for Indirect Electrocatalysis.

The applications of indirect electrocatalysis toward potential industrial processes are drastically limited by the utilization or processing forms of electrocatalysts. The remaining challenges of electrocatalysts like the recycling in homogeneous systems or pulverization in heterogeneous systems call for advanced processing forms to meet the desired requirements. Here, we report a series of metalloporphyrin-based polymer fibers (M-PF, M=Ni, Cu and Zn) through a rigid-flexible polymerization strategy based on rigid metalloporphyrin and flexible thiourea units that can be applied as heterogeneous redox-mediators in indirect electrocatalysis.

New metallic ice phase under high pressure.

Crystal materials can exhibit novel properties under high pressure, which are completely different from properties under ambient conditions. Water ice has an exceptionally rich phase diagram with at least 20 known crystalline ice phases from experiments, where the high-pressure ice X and ice XVIII behave as an ionic state and a superionic state, respectively. Thus, the ice structures stabilized under high pressure are very likely to possess other novel properties.

Differential impact of combined therapy and monotherapy with 0.05% atropine eyedrops and dual focus contact lenses on choroid.

Purpose: To investigate changes in the choroid and axial length (AL) during one month of combined therapy and monotherapy with 0.05% atropine and dual-focus soft contact lens (DFCL), and the impact after discontinuation.

Methods: Myopic adults randomly received three interventions: 0.

Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Neurological Conditions.

Astrocytes are one of the key glial types of the central nervous system (CNS), accounting for over 20% of total glial cells in the brain. Extensive evidence has established their indispensable functions in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis, as well as their broad involvement in neurological conditions. In particular, astrocytes can participate in various neuroinflammatory processes, e.