Probiotics Exert Gut Immunomodulatory Effects by Regulating the Expression of Host miRNAs.

Probiotics exert a diverse range of immunomodulatory effects on the human gut immune system. These mechanisms encompass strengthening the intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibiting pathogen adhesion and colonization, stimulating immune modulation, and fostering the production of beneficial substances. As a result, probiotics hold significant potential in the prevention and treatment of various conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.

Characterization of a ST137 multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strain with a tet(O)-positive genomic island from a bloodstream infection patient.

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a major cause of gastroenteritis and rarely cause bloodstream infection. Herein, we characterized a multidrug-resistant C.

Syringic acid suppresses Cutibacterium acnes-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes via regulating the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling axis by activating PPARγ/Nrf2-antioxidant pathway.

Background: Our previous studies have demonstrated a strong relationship betweenCutibacterium acnes(C. acnes), oxidative stress, and acne inflammation. Syringic acid (SA) is a plant widely used for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, but lacking data on acne.

Characteristics of multidrug-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains ST29 and K212 harbouring tmexC2-tmexD2-toprJ2.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize a tigecycline-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (HvKP) strain, identified as KLZT, which carries the tigecycline resistance gene cluster tmexC2-tmexD2-toprJ2 belonging to ST29 and serotype K212.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence phenotypes were assessed, followed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using PacBio II and MiSeq sequencers. Genome annotation was carried out using the RAST server and bioinformatics analysis revealed the genetic characteristics of this strain.

Co-occurrence of ST412 isolates with hypermucoviscous and non-mucoviscous phenotypes in a short-term hospitalized patient.

Unlabelled: Hypermucoviscosity (HMV) is a phenotype that is commonly associated with hypervirulence in . The factors that contribute to the emergence of HMV subpopulations remain unclear. In this study, eight strains were recovered from an inpatient who had been hospitalized for 20 days.

DNAzyme-RCA-based colorimetric and lateral flow dipstick assays for the point-of-care testing of exosomal m5C-miRNA-21.

Methylation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is a post-transcriptional modification that affects miRNA activity by altering the specificity of miRNAs to target mRNAs. Abnormal methylation of miRNAs in cancer suggests their potential as a tumor marker. However, the traditional methylated miRNA detection mainly includes mass spectrometry, sequencing and others; complex procedures and reliance on large instruments greatly limit their application in point-of-care testing (POCT).

Bacteriophage-resistant carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae shows reduced antibiotic resistance and virulence.

Phage therapy has shown great promise in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the effectiveness of phage therapy is compromised by the inevitable emergence of phage-resistant strains. In this study, a phage-resistant carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain SWKP1711R, derived from parental carbapenem-resistant K.

Comparative genomics analysis of strains from a community.

Background: is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen with high resistance to most clinically used antimicrobials. The dissemination of MDR and difficult treatment of its infection in clinical settings are global issues.

Methods: To provide more genetic information on and find a better treatment strategy, we isolated five , SMYN41-SMYN45, from a Chinese community that were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, biofilm formation assay, and whole-genome sequencing.

Vitamin K1 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-triggered skeletal muscle damage revealed by faecal bacteria transplantation.

Background: Sepsis-associated muscle weakness is common in patients of intensive care units (ICUs), and it is closely associated with poor outcomes. The mechanism of sepsis-induced muscle weakness is unclear. Recent studies have found that gut microbiota and metabolites are involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and metabolism.

Characteristics of a ceftadine/avibatam resistance KPC-33-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae strain with capsular serotype K19 belonging to ST15.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the bla in a ST15-K19 ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI)-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain after the antibiotic CAZ-AVI was approved for use in Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, China.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the microdilution broth method.

Circulation of enterotoxigenic (ETEC) isolates expressing CS23 from the environment to clinical settings.

The importance of clean water cannot be overstated. It is a vital resource for maintaining health and well-being. Unfortunately, water sources contaminated with fecal discharges from animal and human origin due to a lack of wastewater management pose a significant risk to communities, as they can become a means of transmission of pathogenic bacteria like enterotoxigenic (ETEC).

Escherichia coli ST2797 Is Abundant in Wastewater and Might Be a Novel Emerging Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase E. coli.

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an emerging threat to global health. The analysis of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in wastewater can indicate the prevalence and spread of certain clonal groups of multiresistant bacteria. In a previous study of Escherichia coli that were isolated from a pump station in Norway over 15 months, we found a recurring E.

Coexistence of tigecycline resistance genes with two novel -carrying and -carrying transposons in a plasmid.

Introduction: Tigecycline and carbapenems are considered the last line of defense against microbial infections. The co-occurrence of resistance genes conferring resistance to both tigecycline and carbapenems in was not investigated.

Methods: A28 was isolated from hospital sewage.

Understanding drug nanocarrier and blood-brain barrier interaction based on a microfluidic microphysiological model.

As many nanoparticles (NPs) have been exploited as drug carriers to overcome the resistance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reliable BBB models are urgently needed to help researchers to comprehensively understand drug nanocarrier-BBB interaction during penetration, which can prompt pre-clinical nanodrug exploitation. Herein, we developed a microfluidic microphysiological model, allowing the analysis of BBB homeostasis and NP penetration. We found that the BBB penetrability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was size- and modification-dependent, which might be caused by a distinct transendocytosis pathway.

Function analysis of choline binding domains (CBDs) of LytA, LytC and CbpD in biofilm formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Biofilm formation is an important strategy for the colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can increase the capacity to evade antibiotic and host immune stress. Extracellular choline-binding proteins (CBPs) are required for successful biofilm formation, but the function of extracellular CBPs in the process of biofilm formation is not fully understood. In this study, we tend to analyze the functions of LytA, LytC and CbpD in biofilm formation by in vitro studies with their choline-binding domains (CBDs).

Subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations promote the horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne resistance genes from to .

Horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance, in which plasmid-mediated conjugation transfer is the most important mechanism. While sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of antibiotics could promote conjugation frequency, the mechanism by which sub-MIC levels of antibiotics affect conjugation frequency is not clear. Here, we used SW1780 carrying the multi-drug resistance plasmid pSW1780-KPC as the donor strain, to investigate the effects of sub-MICs of meropenem (MEM), ciprofloxacin (CIP), cefotaxime (CTX), and amikacin (AK) on conjugational transfer of pSW1780-KPC from SW1780 to J53.

Identification of the BolA Protein Reveals a Novel Virulence Factor in K. pneumoniae That Contributes to Survival in Host.

BolA has been characterized as an important transcriptional regulator, which is induced in the stationary phase of growth and is often associated with bacterial virulence. This study was initiated to elucidate the role of the BolA in the virulence of K. pneumoniae.

The relationship between the number of stenotic coronary arteries and the gut microbiome in coronary heart disease patients.

An increasing number of studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, there are no clear studies on the relationship between the gut microbiome and the number of stenotic coronary arteries. To clarify whether the gut microbiome is associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries in CHD, we performed the 16S rRNA gene sequencing for the V3-V4 region in the gut microbiota from 9 healthy controls (C) and 36 CHD patients, which including 25 CHD patients with multivessel (MV) lesion and 11 CHD patients with single-vessel (SV) lesion.

Isolation and Characterization of vB_kpnM_17-11, a Novel Phage Efficient Against Carbapenem-Resistant .

Phages and phage-encoded proteins exhibit promising prospects in the treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant (CRKP) infections. In this study, a novel phage vB_kpnM_17-11 was isolated and identified by using a CRKP host. vB_kpnM_17-11 has an icosahedral head and a retractable tail.

Comparison of Two Distinct Subpopulations of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST16 Co-Occurring in a Single Patient.

The higher resistance rate to ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is mainly related to carbapenem resistance, especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM). The CZA-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (K191663) and the later CZA-resistant isolates (K191724, K191725, K191773) co-producing NDM-4 and OXA-181 were obtained from the same hospitalized patient returning from Vietnam. Our study aims to elucidate the diversity of K.

Heteroresistance to Amikacin in Carbapenem-Resistant Strains.

Heteroresistance can lead to treatment failure and is difficult to detect by the methods currently employed by clinical laboratories. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the amikacin-heteroresistant strains and explore potential amikacin heteroresistance mechanism through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). In this study, 13 isolates (8.

Co-occurrence of and Both Carrying from a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Patient.

Objective: The aim of this study was to use whole-genome sequencing to characterize SKp2F and SKv2E, both carrying , co-isolated from the same sputum specimen.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using microbroth dilution. Biofilm formation was determined by crystal violet staining and virulence was measured by a serum killing assay.

Whole-Genomic Analysis of NDM-5-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Recovered from an Urban River in China.

Purpose: Three NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae (, and , one each) were isolated during a screening study for the presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) strains in urban rivers in China. The aim of the present study was to characterize these NDM-5-producing isolates by using whole-genome analysis.

Methods: In vitro susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method.

Responsive Dual-Targeting Exosome as a Drug Carrier for Combination Cancer Immunotherapy.

Recently, combination immunotherapy, which incorporates the activation of the immune system and inhibition of immune escape, has been proved to be a new powerful strategy for more efficient tumor suppression compared to monotherapy. However, the major challenge is how to integrate multiple immune drugs together and efficiently convey these drugs to tumor sites. Although a variety of nanomaterials have been exploited as carriers for targeting tumor issues and the delivery of multiple drugs, their potential toxicity, immune rejection, and stability are still controversial for clinical application.

Characterisation of bla and bla co-occurrence in K64-ST11 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterise the co-occurrence of bla and bla in a K64-ST11 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina MiSeq and PacBio II sequencers.