Interventions to Improve Endoscopic Screening Adherence of Cancer in High-Risk Populations: A Scoping Review.

Background: Colorectal, and gastric cancers have the second, and fourth mortality rates worldwide, respectively. Endoscopic screening is a crucial diagnostic tool for colorectal, and gastric cancers. Effective interventions can improve adherence to endoscopic screening in high-risk populations, which is important for cancer prevention and mortality reduction.

Factors affecting the compliance of hepatocellular carcinoma screening among high-risk populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer mortality. HCC has high morbidity, high mortality, and low survival rates. Screening is one of the most significant methods of lowering incidence and death while also increasing survival.

Knowledge and belief of fecal occult blood screening: A systematic review.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with a high incidence and mortality rate. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is effective in the prevention of CRC.

Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge and beliefs regarding FOBT-based screening.

What is the general Chinese public's awareness of and attitudes towards screening and associated health behaviours? A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To evaluate the general population's awareness of and attitudes toward (HP) screening and health behaviours.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.

Literature review and report of three cases of Dubin-Johnson syndrome related to ABCC2 gene mutations in children.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical features of Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) related to ABCC2 gene mutations in children and to review the relevant literature to improve understanding of this type of genetic disease and reduce misdiagnosis.

Methods: Three children with clinically suspected DJS who were treated at Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University between 2017 and 2020 were enrolled in the study. The target genes were captured and sequenced using GenCap target gene capture technology and a new generation of high-throughput sequencing technology (Beijing Mykino Company).

[Clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with western medicine in treatment of children with abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura with spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with western medicine in the treatment of children with abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura with spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome.

Methods: A total of 60 children with abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura with spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 30 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were given Hydroprednisone 2 mg•kg•d, and in addition to the treatment in the control group, those in the treatment group were given acupuncture at Tianshu (ST25), Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), Qihai (CV6), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) once a day, with a needle retaining time of 15 minutes.

Potential for elimination of SAR-CoV-2 through vaccination as inspired by elimination of multiple influenza viruses through natural pandemics or mass vaccination.

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has claimed many lives worldwide. To combat the pandemic, multiple types of vaccines are under development with unprecedented rapidity. Theoretically, future vaccination against COVID-19 may fall into long-term costly guerrilla warfare between SARS-CoV-2 and humans.

CARsomes inhibit airway allergic inflammation in mice by inducing antigen-specific Th2 cell apoptosis.

Background: Skewed T helper (Th)2 response plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The therapeutic efficacy for allergic diseases is unsatisfactory currently. This study aims to regulate the skewed Th2 response with CARsomes.

Chlorinated effluent organic matter causes higher toxicity than chlorinated natural organic matter by inducing more intracellular reactive oxygen species.

During unplanned indirect potable reuse, treated wastewater that contains effluent organic matter (EOM) enters the drinking water source, resulting in different toxicity from natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water during chlorination. This study found that, during chlorination, EOM formed more total organic halogen (TOX) and highly toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (DBPs) like dichloroacetonitrile and trichloronitromethane than NOM did. Oxidative stress including both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells substantially increased when exposed to chlorinated EOM and chlorinated NOM.

[Formation of Brominated Disinfection By-products in Low Temperature Multi-effect Distillation (LT-MED) Process for Seawater Desalination].

Changes in water quality and brominated disinfection by-products (Br-DBPs) during a low temperature multi-effect distillation (LT-MED) process for seawater desalination were investigated. The concentrations of bromide ion and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) in the seawater (i.e.

Characterization of trihalomethane, haloacetic acid, and haloacetonitrile precursors in a seawater reverse osmosis system.

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has been extensively applied to replenish the limited freshwater resources. One concern of such technology is the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during the pre-chlorination process. For the SWRO tested in this study, the concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and haloacetonitriles (HANs) increased by 35.

Evaluation of the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrates from municipal wastewater reclamation by coagulation and granular activated carbon adsorption.

Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from municipal wastewater reclamation reverse osmosis (mWRRO) contains elevated concentrations of contaminants which pose potential risks to aquatic environment. The treatment of ROC from an mWRRO using granular activated carbon (GAC) combined pretreatment of coagulation was optimized and evaluated. Among the three coagulants tested, ferric chloride (FeCl3) presented relatively higher DOC removal efficiency than polyaluminium chloride and lime at the same dosage and coagulation conditions.

[Formation and Variation of Brominated Disinfection By-products in A Combined Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis Process for Seawater Desalination].

The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and brominated disinfection by-products ( Br-DBPs ) during a seawater desalination ultrafiltration (UF) combined reverse osmosis (RO) process were studied. The seawater contained high level of bromide ion (45.6-50.

Changes in the components and biotoxicity of dissolved organic matter in a municipal wastewater reclamation reverse osmosis system.

The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the biotoxicity of these components were investigated in a municipal wastewater reclamation reverse osmosis (mWRRO) system with a microfiltration (MF) pretreatment unit. The MF pretreatment step had little effect on the levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the secondary effluent, but the addition of chlorine before MF promoted the formation of organics with anti-estrogenic activity. The distribution of excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence constituents exhibited obvious discrepancies between the secondary effluent and the reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate.

Fouling characteristics of reverse osmosis membranes at different positions of a full-scale plant for municipal wastewater reclamation.

Membrane fouling is an important shortcoming limiting the efficiency and wide application of reverse osmosis (RO) technology. In this paper, RO membranes in a full-scale municipal wastewater reclamation plant were autopsied. From the lead to tail position RO membranes in RO system, both of organic and inorganic matters on membranes reduced gradually.

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1)-producing B cells restore antigen (Ag)-specific immune tolerance in an allergic environment.

Restoration of the antigen (Ag)-specific immune tolerance in an allergic environment is refractory. B cells are involved in immune regulation. Whether B cells facilitate the generation of Ag-specific immune tolerance in an allergic environment requires further investigation.

Characterization and biotoxicity assessment of dissolved organic matter in RO concentrate from a municipal wastewater reclamation reverse osmosis system.

Reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate from municipal wastewater reclamation reverse osmosis (mWRRO) system containing organic compounds may associate with toxic risk, and its discharge might pose an environmental risk. To identify a basis for the selection of feasible technology in treating RO concentrates, the characteristics and biotoxicity of different fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in RO concentrates from an mWRRO system were investigated. The results indicated that the hydrophilic neutrals (HIN), hydrophobic acids (HOA) and hydrophobic bases (HOB) accounted for 96% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the total DOM in the RO concentrate.

Effects of chemical agent injections on genotoxicity of wastewater in a microfiltration-reverse osmosis membrane process for wastewater reuse.

With combined microfiltration (MF)/ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) process being widely used in municipal wastewater reclamation, RO concentrate with high level genotoxicity is becoming a potential risk to water environment. In this study, wastewater genotoxicity in a MF-RO process for municipal wastewater reclamation and also the effects of chemical agent injections were evaluated by SOS/umu genotoxicity test. The genotoxicity of RO concentrate ranged 500-559 μg 4-NQO (4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide)/L and 12-22 μg 4-NQO/mg DOC, was much higher than that of RO influent.

[Mechanism of nitrogen removal by partial nitrification-denitrification biological filter].

The controlling factors for nitrite accumulation in partial nitrification and mechanism of nitrogen removal from the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plant by partial nitrification-denitrification biological filter were investigated. The results showed that nitrite accumulated with increasing of pH value in the influent under the condition of temperature was (30 +/- 1) degrees C. The nitrite accumulation achieved to the highest at a pH value of 8.

Reduced effect of bromide on the genotoxicity in secondary effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant during chlorination.

Chlorination of wastewater can form genotoxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic disinfection byproduct (DBPs). In this study, the effect of bromide on genotoxicity in secondary effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant during chlorination was evaluated by the SOS/umu test. The presence of bromide notably decreased the genotoxicity in secondary effluent during chlorination, especially under conditions of high ammonia concentration.

Quantification of the severity of an outbreak in human infection control.

Background: The severity of an outbreak is a priority in decision-making for human infection control. However, there have been no reports on how to quantify the severity of an outbreak.

Methods: We propose a simple method to measure the severity of an infectious disease outbreak.

Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the growth, nutrient uptake, and lipid accumulation of a freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp.

Microalgae have high potential to remove inorganic nutrients from wastewater and to produce biodiesel. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on growth, nutrient uptake, and lipid accumulation of a freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp. LX1 were studied.

[Characteristics and chlorinated disinfection by-products formation potential of dissolved organic matter fractions in treated wastewater].

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from a biological treated wastewater of municipal wastewater treated plant was isolated and fractionated using resin adsorption into four different fractions. These fractions are operationally categorized as hydrophilic substances (HIS), hydrophobic acids (HOA), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), and hydrophobic bases (HOB). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and specific UV absorbance, characteristics of three dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3DEEM) and disinfection byproducts formation potential of each fraction was investigated in this paper.

[Study on the growth characteristics and root exudates of three wetlands plants at different culture conditions].

Wetland plants are the important component of constructed wetlands and their root exudates provide the interior hydrocarbon for denitrification. In this study, the growth characteristics and root exudates of Canna indica, Zizania caduciflora and Lythrum salicari in different culture conditions were researched. The results showed that the average biomass initial/biomass in 120 days growth of Canna indica, Zizania caduciflora and Lythrum salicari were 9.