Synthesis Enabled by E-to-Z Isomerization Using CBZ6 as Energy Transfer Photocatalyst.

The reactions of -isomers and -isomers usually are different in consideration of the regioselectivity of chemoselectivity. The syntheses of -isomers are not feasible in many cases. The energy transfer (EnT) /-photoisomerization might yield the -isomers.

Copper-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of alkenyl diynes: method development and new mechanistic insights.

Metal carbenes have proven to be one of the most important and useful intermediates in organic synthesis, but catalytic asymmetric reactions involving metal carbenes are still scarce and remain a challenge. Particularly, the mechanistic pathway and chiral induction model in these asymmetric transformations are far from clear. Described herein is a copper-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of alkenyl diynes involving a vinylic C(sp)-H functionalization, which constitutes the first asymmetric vinylic C(sp)-H functionalization through cyclopentannulation.

[Study on toxicity of 999 Ganmaoling grain and influence of diet on hepatic toxicity].

This paper was aimed to compare the acute toxicity of 999 Ganmaoling grain and its different ingredients, and investigate the influence of routine diet on the hepatic toxicity induced by Ganmaoling in mice, so as to provide experimental basis for the clinical safety evaluation. Mice were given a single dose of Ganmaoling grain or its different ingredients respectively by gavage, and then observed for 14 days. LD₅₀ values of Ganmaoling grain or its chemical ingredient and the maximal tolerated dose of its herb ingredient were determined.