Ethylene Activates the -/EIL1 Signaling Pathway in Tapetum and Disturbs Anther Development in .

Ethylene was previously reported to repress stamen development in both cucumber and . Here, we performed a detailed analysis of the effect of ethylene on anther development. After ethylene treatment, stamens but not pistils display obvious developmental defects which lead to sterility.

Auxin production in diploid microsporocytes is necessary and sufficient for early stages of pollen development.

Gametophytic development in Arabidopsis depends on nutrients and cell wall materials from sporophytic cells. However, it is not clear whether hormones and signaling molecules from sporophytic tissues are also required for gametophytic development. Herein, we show that auxin produced by the flavin monooxygenases YUC2 and YUC6 in the sporophytic microsporocytes is essential for early stages of pollen development.