METTL3-mediated macrophage exosomal NEAT1 contributes to hepatic fibrosis progression through Sp1/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is caused by chronic hepatic injury and is characterized by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. Studies focusing on the function of exosomes derived from macrophages in HF progression are limited. This study aims to identify the roles of exosomal NEAT1 derived from macrophages on HF and the underlying mechanisms.

The METTL3/MALAT1/PTBP1/USP8/TAK1 axis promotes pyroptosis and M1 polarization of macrophages and contributes to liver fibrosis.

Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, via activating hepatic stellate cells, contribute to liver fibrosis. In this study, we examined the mechanism and the significance of a signaling axis, METTL3/MALAT1/PTBP1/USP8/TAK1, in regulating pyroptosis and M1 polarization of hepatic macrophages. Liver fibrosis model was established in vivo by CCl treatment; M1 polarization was induced in vitro by treating macrophages with lipopolysaccharide or interferon γ.

(E)-N'-(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl-idene)nicotino-hydrazide monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(13)H(9)Cl(2)N(3)O·H(2)O, the 3,4-dichloro-benzene ring is nearly coplanar with the pyridine ring, making a dihedral angle of 4.78 (8)°. Inter-molecular O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.

N'-(Propan-2-yl-idene)nicotinohydrazide.

Crystals of the title compound, C(9)H(11)N(3)O, were obtained from a condensation reaction of nicotinohydrazide and acetone. In the mol-ecular structure, the pyridine ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 36.28 (10)° with respect to the amide plane.

(E)-N'-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl-ene)nicotinohydrazide monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(14)H(11)N(3)O(3)·H(2)O, the planar [maximum deviation 0.135 (1) Å] 1,3-benzodioxole ring system is oriented at a dihedral angle of 13.93 (7)° with respect to the pyridine ring.

N'-(3-Bromo-4-methoxy-benzyl-idene)nicotinohydrazide monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(14)H(12)BrN(3)O(2)·H(2)O, the benzene ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 39.66 (11)° with respect to the pyridine ring. The solvent water mol-ecule links with the organic compound via O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding.