The Xanthomonas fragariae effector XopK suppresses stomatal immunity by perturbing abscisic acid accumulation and ABA-transciptional responses in strawberry.

Xanthomonas fragariae (Xaf) is the cause of strawberry crown dry cavity rot and strawberry leaf angular spots. Despite having a long evolutionary history with strawberries, the plant-pathogen interaction is poorly understood. Pathogenicity for most plant pathogens is mostly dependent on the type-III secretion system, which introduces virulence type III effectors (T3Es) into eukaryotic host cells.

Chimeric mutations in grapevine ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE1 improve resistance to powdery mildew without growth penalty.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) incurs severe quality degradation and yield loss from powdery mildew, a major fungal disease caused by Erysiphe necator. ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE1 (EDR1), a Raf-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, negatively regulates defense responses against powdery mildew in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Transcription factors VviWRKY10 and VviWRKY30 co-regulate powdery mildew resistance in grapevine.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is an economically important fruit crop worldwide. The widely cultivated grapevine is susceptible to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to simultaneously knock out VviWRKY10 and VviWRKY30 encoding two transcription factors reported to be implicated in defense regulation.

An effector of translocates to chloroplasts and plasma membrane to suppress host immunity in grapevine.

The powdery mildew () is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine growth in the vineyard. An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) was encoded in the genome, but it is largely unclear what role CSEPs plays during the infection. In the present study, we identified a secreted effector CSEP080 of , which was located in plant chloroplasts and plasma membrane.

Pan-Genomic Analysis Identifies the Chinese Strain as a New Subspecies of .

is classified as a quarantine pathogen by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. It commonly induces typical angular leaf spot (ALS) symptoms in strawberry leaves. strains from China (YL19, SHAQP01, and YLX21) exhibit ALS symptoms in leaves and more severe symptoms of dry cavity rot in strawberry crowns.

Systemic Colonization of Strain YL19 Causing Dry Cavity Rot of Strawberry Crown Tissue in China.

usually causes angular leaf spot (ALS) of strawberry, a serious bacterial disease in many strawberry-producing regions worldwide. Recently, a new strain of (YL19) was isolated from strawberry in China and has been shown to cause dry cavity rot in strawberry crown. In this study, we constructed a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled YL19 (YL19-GFP) to visualize the infection process and pathogen colonization in strawberries.

A point mutation in the gene encoding magnesium chelatase I subunit influences strawberry leaf color and metabolism.

Magnesium chelatase (MgCh) catalyzes the insertion of magnesium into protoporphyrin IX, a vital step in chlorophyll (Chl) biogenesis. The enzyme consists of 3 subunits, MgCh I subunit (CHLI), MgCh D subunit (CHLD), and MgCh H subunit (CHLH). The CHLI subunit is an ATPase that mediates catalysis.

Genome Sequence Resource for NAFU1, a Grapevine Powdery Mildew Isolate Identified in Shaanxi Province of China.

is an economically important biotrophic fungal pathogen responsible for powdery mildew disease on grapevine. Currently, genome sequences are available for only a few isolates from the United States. Based on the combination of Nanopore and Illumina sequencing technologies, we present here the complete genome assembly for an isolate of , NAFU1, identified in China.

First Report of strain YL19 causing crown infection pockets in strawberry in Liaoning Province, China.

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is an important fruit crop in China. Typical crown infection pockets symptoms were observed on the infected strawberry in Liaoning province, China (121°60'E, 38°90'N) in the autumn of 2017.

Overexpression of two CDPKs from wild Chinese grapevine enhances powdery mildew resistance in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis.

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in metabolic regulations and stimuli responses in plants. However, little is known about their function in grapevine. Here, we report that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13, two paralogous CDPKs from Vitis pseudoreticulata accession Baihe-35-1, appear to positively regulate powdery mildew resistance.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of results in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew in grapevine ().

Grapevine (), one of the most economically important fruit crops in the world, suffers significant yield losses from powdery mildew, a major fungal disease caused by . In addition to suppressing host immunity, phytopathogens modulate host proteins termed susceptibility (S) factors to promote their proliferation in plants. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9) technology was used to enable the targeted mutagenesis of (mildew resistance Locus O) family genes that are thought to serve as factors for powdery mildew fungi.

Transcription factor FvTCP9 promotes strawberry fruit ripening by regulating the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and anthocyanins.

The plant-specific transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING4 CELL FACTORS (TCP) plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. However, there have been no studies reporting on the function of strawberry TCP in regulating fruit development. In this study, FvTCP9, a woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) TCP gene, was isolated to explore its function in fruit ripening.

The cytological basis of powdery mildew resistance in wild Chinese Vitis species.

The wild Chinese grapevines (Vitis spp.) show varying levels of resistance to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator that is an economically important disease of cultivated grapevines (Vitis vinifera). However, little information is available regarding the cytological mechanisms of powdery mildew resistance in these wild relatives.

Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis broad-spectrum resistance gene RPW8.2 improves the resistance to powdery mildew in grapevine (Vitis vinifera).

Powdery mildew is the most economically important disease of cultivated grapevines worldwide. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis broad-spectrum disease resistance gene RPW8.2 could improve resistance to powdery mildew in Vitis vinifera cv.

Identification and expression analysis of heat shock transcription factors in the wild Chinese grapevine (Vitis pseudoreticulata).

Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are known to play pivotal roles in the adaptation of plants to heat stress and other stress stimuli. While grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide, little is known about the Hsf family in Vitis spp.

Identification and utilization of a new Erysiphe necator isolate NAFU1 to quickly evaluate powdery mildew resistance in wild Chinese grapevine species using detached leaves.

The most economically important disease of cultivated grapevines worldwide is powdery mildew caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe necator. To integrate effective genetic resistance into cultivated grapevines, numerous disease resistance screens of diverse Vitis germplasm, including wild species, have been conducted to identify powdery mildew resistance, but the results have been inconsistent. Here, a new powdery mildew isolate that is infectious on grapevines, designated Erysiphe necator NAFU1 (En.

Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the CDPK Gene Family in Grape, Vitis spp.

Background: Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in plant growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and hormone signaling. Little is known about the CDPK gene family in grapevine.

Results: In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the 12X grape genome (Vitis vinifera) and identified nineteen CDPK genes.