Improved photovoltaic properties of nominal composition CHNHPbZnI carbon-based perovskite solar cells.

Herein, the low-cost and eco-friendly zinc cation (Zn) is used to replace part of the lead cation (Pb) in methylammonium lead iodide (CHNHPbI). The modified perovskite material, CHNHPbxZnxI, is then obtained and successfully applied in the construction of hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on carbon counter electrodes. The obtained PSCs with 1 mol% Zn doping dramatically facilitate the formation of dense, high surface coverage perovskite films with large grain size and superior crystallinity.

Effect of a multi-level education intervention model on knowledge and attitudes of accidental injuries in rural children in Zunyi, Southwest China.

Objective: To explore the effect of a school-family-individual (SFI) multi-level education intervention model on knowledge and attitudes about accidental injuries among school-aged children to improve injury prevention strategies and reduce the incidence of pediatric injuries.

Methods: The random sample of rural school-aged children were recruited by using a multistage, stratified, cluster sampling method in Zunyi, Southwest China from 2012 to 2014, and 2342 children were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Then children answered a baseline survey to collect knowledge and attitude scores (KAS) of accidental injuries.