A combination of genome mining with OSMAC strategy facilitates the discovery of bioactive metabolites produced from termite-associated Streptomyces tanashiensis BYF-112.

Background: Previously, eight new alkaloids were obtained from the fermentation extract of termite-associated Streptomyces tanashiensis BYF-112. However, genome analysis indicated the presence of many undiscovered secondary metabolites in S. tanashiensis BYF-112.

Altitude as a key environmental factor shaping microbial communities of tea green leafhoppers ().

Host-associated microbial communities play an important role in the fitness of insect hosts. However, the factors shaping microbial communities in wild populations, including environmental factors and interactions among microbial species, remain largely unknown. The tea green leafhopper has a wide geographical distribution and is highly adaptable, providing a suitable model for studying the effect of ecological drivers on microbiomes.

Antibacterial Potential of Termite-Associated spp.

Twenty-one strains of termite-associated actinomycetes were tested for their activities against three bacteria. The results showed that nine strains showed bacteriostatic activities against at least one tested bacterium, and the actinomycete YH01, which was isolated from the body surface of the queen of , had potent antibacterial activity. The YH01 was further identified as .

Degradation of Ferulic Acid by the Endophytic Fungus TMTM-13 Associated with Chun.

Biodegradation of ferulic acid, by an endophytic fungus TMTM-13 associated with Chun, was explored in this study. Ferulic acid was completely degraded by TMTM-13 as its initial concentration was lower than 400 mg L. Generally, the initial concentration of ferulic acid and fungal biomass of TMTM-13 kept synchronously growing up as the concentration was lower than 400 mg L.

Phytotoxic, Antifungal and Immunosuppressive Metabolites from Aspergillus terreus QT122 Isolated from the Gut of Dragonfly.

Insect gut microbes have been considered as a resource for bioactive metabolites. The aim of this study was to characterize the compounds of a fungus Aspergillus terreus QT122 associated with the gut of dragonfly. Five main phytotoxic, antifungal, and immunosuppressive substances were isolated from the fungus QT122.

Diversity, Bacterial Symbionts and Antibacterial Potential of Gut-Associated Fungi Isolated from the Pantala flavescens Larvae in China.

The diversity of fungi associated with the gut of Pantala flavescens larvae was investigated using a culture-dependent method and molecular identification based on an analysis of the internally transcribed spacer sequence. In total, 48 fungal isolates were obtained from P. flavescens larvae.

Synthesis and antifungal activities of novel polyheterocyclic spirooxindole derivatives.

A series of spirooxindole tetrahydrofuran derivatives 3 were obtained in moderate to good yields via oxindole derivatives 1 and β-arylacrylonitrile derivatives 2via base-mediated cascade [3 + 2] double Michael reactions under mild conditions and the application of this method in the synthesis of bioactive analogues, such as functionalized spirooxindole octahydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives 4 which contain two new heterocyclic rings and two quaternary carbon centers, has also been developed. Subsequently, antifungal activities of all of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against five phytopathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium semitectum, Alternaria solani, Valsa mali and Fusarium graminearum) using the mycelium growth rate method. The preliminary results showed that the spirooxindole octahydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridine derivative 4 showed higher growth inhibition of Valsa mali and Fusarium graminearum, than spirooxindole tetrahydrofuran derivatives 3.

Phytotoxic and antibacterial metabolites from Fusarium proliferatum ZS07 isolated from the gut of long-horned grasshoppers.

In the proceeding of screening new bioactive natural products, the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of Fusarium proliferatum ZS07, a fungus residing in the gut of long-horned grasshoppers (Tettigonia chinensis), was found possessing selective phytotoxic activity against the radicle growth of Amaranthus retroflexus L. Bioactivity-guided fractionation lead to the isolation of six fungal metabolites 1-6, including a new polyketide derivate O-methylated SMA93 (2) and five known compounds SMA93 (1), rhodolamprometrin (3), radicinin (4), dehydroallogibberic acid (5), and 3-methyl-6,8-dihydroxyisocoumarin (6). Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the corresponding data to those reported in the literature previously.

Antifungal activities of metabolites produced by a termite-associated Streptomyces canus BYB02.

Two main antifungal metabolites resistomycin and tetracenomycin D were isolated and purified from a termite-associated Streptomyces canus BYB02 by column chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Resistomycin possessed strong activities against mycelial growth of Valsa mali (IC(50) = 1.

Naphthol radical couplings determine structural features and enantiomeric excess of dalesconols in Daldinia eschscholzii.

Understanding how simple molecules are pieced together in organisms may aid biotechnological manipulation and synthetic approaches to complex natural products. The mantis-associated fungus Daldinia eschscholzii IFB-TL01 produces the unusually structured immunosuppressants (±)-dalesconols A and B, along with their congener (±)-dalesconol C, with the (-)-enantiomers in excess. Here we report that these structural and stereochemical peculiarities of dalesconols A-C are a result of promiscuous and atropselective couplings of radicals derived from 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene, 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene.

Extraction optimisation, purification and major antioxidant component of red pigments extracted from Camellia japonica.

The optimised extraction conditions of red pigments (RP) from Camellia japonica obtained with an orthogonal design L(3) were solid/liquid ratio, temperature, pH and extraction time as 1/10, 60°C, 1.5 and 4h, respectively. The RP were then purified by the macroporous resin method, which showed the resin LX-68 was appropriate for purifying the pigments from C.

Phytotoxic and antifungal metabolites from Curvularia sp. FH01 isolated from the gut of Atractomorpha sinensis.

Two main phytotoxic and antifungal phthalic acid butyl isobutyl ester (1) and radicinin (2) were isolated from the culture of Curvularia sp. FH01, a fungus residing in the Atractomorpha sinensis gut. The structures of isolated metabolites were established on the basis of spectral analysis.

New phytotoxic metabolites from Pestalotiopsis sp. HC02, a Fungus Residing in Chondracris rosee gut.

Two new phytotoxic gamma-lactones, pestalotines A and B (1 and 2, resp.), along with 4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-acetic acid (3) and 6-hydroxyramulosin (=3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one; 4), were isolateded from the culture of Pestalotiopsis sp. HC02, a fungus residing in the Chondracris rosee gut.