DEK::AFF2 Fusion Sinonasal and Skull Base Nonkeratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Clinical Outcome Study Compared With Conventional Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

DEK::AFF2 fusion nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) is an emerging entity in the sinonasal tract, temporal bone, and skull base. However, the clinical behavior of these tumors has not been well studied. Here, we report the largest cohort of DEK::AFF2 carcinomas to determine if morphology, mitotic rate, and/or Ki-67 IHC are associated with patient outcomes, including a comparison with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and independent patients.

Intranodal thyroid inclusions revisited: a morphological analysis and application of BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry.

Aims: The diagnosis of intranodal thyroid inclusions (ITIs) is controversial. We aim to investigate their clinicopathologic features and utilize immunohistochemistry (IHC) to support the diagnosis.

Methods And Results: Forty-one cases of incidentally found ITIs between 2019 and 2023 were categorized into three groups, namely, Group A: thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with regional lymph node dissection (n = 33), Group B: thyroidectomy due to benign thyroid disease with incidental perithyroid lymph node sampling (n = 4), and Group C: surgery due to other head and neck cancers with lateral neck lymph node dissection (n = 4).

DEK::AFF2 Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Tract and Skull Base: A Comprehensive Review.

DEK::AFF2 carcinoma is an emerging entity of the sinonasal tract and skull base, commonly exhibiting exophytic and endophytic papillary growth, complex anastomosing trabeculae, monotonous cytomorphology, acantholytic change, and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. A subset displays overt infiltration and high-grade features akin to non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Glandular differentiation may also be rarely present.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of palisading adenocarcinoma: The first cytology report of a newly described salivary gland neoplasm.

Here, we report the first cytology findings of the newly characterized entity, palisading adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland, diagnosed in the sublingual gland of a 61-year-old female. The liquid-based cytology showed a moderately cellular aspirate containing three-dimensional clusters and trabeculae of tumor cells of various sizes. The cells had dark ovoid nuclei, finely granular chromatin, inconspicuous to punctate nucleoli, and ample cyanophilic cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders.

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the parotid gland is an extremely rare tumor, with only six cases reported in the literature. A 51-year-old female had a 3.0 cm tumor resected from the right parotid gland.

New Histopathologic Risk Model for Early T-stage Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Focusing on a Modified Worst Pattern of Invasion System and a New Tumor Budding Score.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is treated based on the TNM staging. However, early T-stage OSCC still exhibits substantial nodal metastasis and death rates. Recent literature highlights the independent prognostic value of worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) and tumor budding in OSCC.

Sinonasal Adenosquamous Carcinoma - Morphology and Genetic Drivers Including Low- and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus mRNA, DEK::AFF2 Fusion, and MAML2 Rearrangement.

Background: Sinonasal adenosquamous carcinoma is rare, and there are almost no studies detailing morphology or characterizing their genetic driver events. Further, many authors have termed sinonasal tumors with combined squamous carcinoma and glands as mucoepidermoid carcinoma but none have analyzed for the presence of MAML2 rearrangement.

Methods: Cases from 2014 to 2020 were collected and diagnosed using World Health Organization criteria.

Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia promotes angiogenesis and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Eosinophils are terminally differentiated leukocytes that participate in the process of chronic inflammation and allergy and are able to release multiple cytokines into the surrounding tissue environment. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is the presence of eosinophils in the tumor or in the neighboring stroma and has been observed in various types of cancer. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the clinical relevance of TATE has not been concluded yet because of the inconsistent results in different studies.

Nuclear expression of AFF2 C-terminus is a sensitive and specific ancillary marker for DEK::AFF2 carcinoma of the sinonasal tract.

DEK::AFF2 carcinoma of the sinonasal tract is an emerging entity. The tumor is typically characterized by papillary proliferation of non-keratinizing squamous epithelial cells with monotonous cytologic features, which may mimic other sinonasal tumors. The confirmation of this gene fusion has thus far relied solely on next-generation sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis with and without Orbital Complications: Clinical and Laboratory Differences.

Background: Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFS) is a rare but often fatal disease. There are limited studies regarding IFS with orbital complications (IFSwOC). The present study aimed to identify the clinical signs associated with IFSwOC and prognosticators of the disease.

DEK-AFF2 fusion-associated papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract: clinicopathologic characterization of seven cases with deceptively bland morphology.

A novel DEK-AFF2 fusion has been recently identified in four cases of basaloid to nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the sinonasal tract and middle ear with high-grade morphology. The exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibitor in the first reported case highlights the potential clinical importance of identifying tumors with DEK-AFF2 fusions. We herein reported the first series of seven cases of DEK-AFF2 fusion-associated sinonasal SCC with deceptively bland morphology, including four cases of low-grade papillary Schneiderian carcinoma, which is a recently described tumor type with unknown molecular underpinnings.

Developing a novel meatal areolar tissue autograft for minimally invasive tympanoplasty.

Background: We developed an easy and minimally invasive method of transmeatal tympanoplasty using meatal areolar tissue (MAT) grafts to achieve less postoperative morbidity or surgical scarring. We compared the functional and anatomical results of the developed method with conventional endaural tympanoplasty with a temporalis fascia (TF) graft.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 58 patients (59 ears) with simple chronic otitis media who underwent type I tympanoplasty between January 2016 and August 2018 were included.

Clinicopathological study of intraductal carcinoma of the salivary gland, with emphasis on the apocrine type.

Intraductal carcinoma (IC) is a rare salivary gland tumor with low- to intermediate-grade cytological features. It is further classified into intercalated duct type and apocrine type based on its distinct histologic and immunohistochemical expression. Conventional salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive carcinoma with high-grade features and is usually associated with poor prognosis.

Metastatic Tumors of the Sinonasal Cavity: A 15-Year Review of 17 Cases.

Extranasal cancers that metastasize to the sinonasal cavity are very rare. To date, there are only limited reports regarding this rare condition within the literature. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer of the sinonasal tract from 2003 to 2018 at a tertiary academic medical center.

Macrophage-secreted interleukin-35 regulates cancer cell plasticity to facilitate metastatic colonization.

A favorable interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates the outgrowth of metastatic tumors. Because of the distinct initiating processes between primary and metastatic tumors, we investigate the differences in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from primary and metastatic cancers. Here we show that dual expression of M1 and M2 markers is noted in TAMs from primary tumors, whereas predominant expression of M2 markers is shown in metastatic TAMs.

Sinonasal seromucinous hamartoma.

Introduction: Seromucinous hamartoma (SH) is a rare benign glandular proliferation of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx. Only few cases have been reported in recent years.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective medical record review of seven patients diagnosed with sinonasal SH who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery.

High neuroendocrine component is a factor for poor prognosis in gastrointestinal high-grade malignant mixed adenoneuroendocrine neoplasms.

Background: High-grade malignant mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) is a highly malignant combined neoplasm formed by an adenocarcinomatous component and a poorly differentiated (Grade 3) neuroendocrine (NE) carcinoma.

Methods: Tumors from 21 patients with gastrointestinal high-grade malignant MANECs or tumors with varying percentages of Grade 3 NE component were examined, and the NE component was confirmed by morphological analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Patients were divided into high NE (NE component > 50% in the primary tumor) and low NE (NE component ≤ 50% in the primary tumor) component groups.

Hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas.

Background: Hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas is extremely rare. This article tries to summarize the clinical features and outcomes of pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma.

Methods: The data pool for analysis includes the case we encountered with hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas and the reported cases in the literature.