The Accuracy of Emergency Physicians' Suspicions of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Objective: To investigate factors associated with recognition and delayed isolation of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

Background: Precise identification of PTB in the emergency department (ED) remains challenging.

Methods: Retrospectively reviewed PTB suspects admitted via the ED were divided into three groups based on the acid-fast bacilli culture report and whether they were isolated initially in the ED or general ward.

An in vitro comparison of the frictional forces between archwires and self-ligating brackets of passive and active types.

The aim of this study was to compare the static and kinetic frictional forces generated by various contemporary designs of self-ligating brackets (SLBs) and different wire alloys. In total, six different brackets (four passive type SLB, one active SLB, and one conventional bracket) were investigated using stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and titanium-molybdenum alloy archwires of several sizes. The friction forces were measured by sliding on a bracket-wire combination system in an EZ instron testing machine.