Advancing DNA Structural Analysis: A SERS Approach Free from Citrate Interference Combined with Machine Learning.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become an indispensable tool for biomolecular analysis, yet the detection of DNA signals remains hindered by spectral interference from citrate ions, which overlap with key DNA features. This study introduces an innovative, ultrasensitive SERS platform utilizing thiol-modified silver nanoparticles (Ag@SDCNPs) that overcomes this challenge by eliminating citrate interference. This platform enables direct, interference-free detection and structural characterization of a wide range of DNA conformations, including single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), i-motif, hairpin, G-quadruplex, and triple-stranded DNA (tsDNA).

Effects of Age and Sex on Systemic Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Systemic inflammation, aging, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) lead to varying degrees of cardiovascular dysfunction and impaired aerobic exercise capacity. This study evaluates the impact of inflammation and sex differences on coronary and peripheral vascular function and exercise capacity in older individuals with and without T2D.

Methods: Older individuals (aged≥65 years) underwent biochemical and tissue inflammatory phenotyping, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, and vascular reactivity testing.

A global review of national guidelines of post-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of antiretroviral drugs as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for preventing HIV acquisition for occupational and non-occupational exposures. To inform the development of global WHO recommendations on PEP, we reviewed national guidelines of PEP for their recommendations.

Methods: Policies addressing PEP from 38 WHO HIV priority countries were obtained by searching governmental and non-governmental websites and consulting country and regional experts; these countries were selected based on HIV burden, new HIV acquisitions and the number of HIV-associated deaths.

Unravelling the pH-dependent mechanism of ferroelectric polarization on different dynamic pathways of photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Ferroelectric polarization is considered to be an effective strategy to improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of photoelectrocatalysis. The primary challenge is to clarify how the polarization field controls the OER dynamic pathway at a molecular level. Here, electrochemical fingerprint tests were used, together with theoretical calculations, to systematically investigate the free energy change in oxo and hydroxyl intermediates on TiO-BaTiO core-shell nanowires (BTO@TiO) upon polarization in different pH environments.

DEPDC1B, CDCA2, APOBEC3B, and TYMS are potential hub genes and therapeutic targets for diagnosing dialysis patients with heart failure.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) has a very high prevalence in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). However, there is still a lack of effective and reliable HF diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for patients with MHD.

Methods: In this study, we analyzed transcriptome profiles of 30 patients with MHD by high-throughput sequencing.

Leveraging AI to improve disease screening among American Indians: insights from the Strong Heart Study.

Screening tests for disease have their performance measured through sensitivity and specificity, which inform how well the test can discriminate between those with and without the condition. Typically, high values for sensitivity and specificity are desired. These two measures of performance are unaffected by the outcome prevalence of the disease in the population.

Global phylogeography and genetic characterization of carbapenem and ceftazidime-avibactam resistant KPC-33-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is currently one of the last resorts used to treat infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, KPC variants have become the main mechanism mediating CZA resistance in KPC-producing gram-negative bacteria after increasing the application of CZA. Our previous study revealed that CZA-resistant KPC-33 had emerged in carbapenem-resistant P.

Prevalence of malnutrition among adult inpatients in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Malnutrition substantially contributes to adverse clinical outcomes. However, no national survey has been conducted to characterize its epidemiology in hospital settings in China. We conducted the China Nutrition Fundamental Data 2020 project among a multistage stratified cluster sample of adult inpatients from 291 study sites across 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (except for Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan Province, and the Xizang Autonomous Region, please see MATERIALS AND METHODS for details of the causes) of China to generate reliable data on the prevalence of malnutrition and explore the associated risk factors.

Advances in RNA therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a group of complex, chronic conditions characterized by disturbance of immune tolerance, with examples including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. These diseases have unclear pathogenesis, and traditional therapeutic approaches remain limited. However, advances in high-throughput histology technology and scientific discoveries have led to the identification of various pathogenic factors contributing to ADs.

Variations of microbiota and metabolites in rhizosphere soil of Carmona microphylla at the co-contaminated site with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals.

Co-contamination with organic/inorganic compounds is common in industrial area and poses a great risk to local soil ecological environment. In this study, an operating ink factory site co-contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, mild to moderate pollution level) and heavy metals (HMs, heavy pollution level) was selected and screened for native vegetation, Carmona microphylla. High-throughput sequencing and metabolomics were mainly used to investigate the responses of soil bacteria and metabolites to the composite pollution and rhizosphere effect.

Effects and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Injection in Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent condition that significantly affects the psychosocial well-being of many individuals, and its treatment remains a clinical challenge. Botulinum toxin (BTX) injections have been reported to have a therapeutic effect on AGA. Although several studies have explored the efficacy and safety of this novel treatment, most are clinical studies with small sample sizes.

Integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology to investigate multi-target effects of sporoderm-broken spores of on improving HFD-induced diabetic nephropathy rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disease endangering global health, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a primary complication lacking curative therapy. Sporoderm-broken spores of (GLP), an herbal medicine, has been used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. In this study, DN was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet (HFD), and the protective mechanisms of GLP were investigated through transcriptomic, metabolomic, and network pharmacology (NP) analyses.

Corrigendum: Viable but nonculturable state in the zoonotic pathogen induced by low-grade fever temperature and antibiotic treatment.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.

The value of quantitative susceptibility mapping and morphometry in the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism.

Background And Purpose: Differentiating Parkinson's Disease (PD) from Atypical Parkinsonism Syndrome (APS), including Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), is challenging, and there is no gold standard. Integrating quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and morphometry can help differentiate PD from APS and improve the internal diagnosis of APS.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 55 patients with PD, 17 with MSA-parkinsonian type (MSA-P), 15 with MSA-cerebellar type (MSA-C), and 14 with PSP.

Enhanced Analgesic Efficacy and Reduced Side Effects of Morphine by Combination with PD-1 Agonist.

Chronic pain is a debilitating disease and remains challenging to treat. Morphine serves as the most commonly used drug for the treatment of pathological pain. However, detrimental side effects (e.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of Xiao'er Feike Granules in the treatment of acute bronchitis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Xiao'er Feike Granules (XFG) is an approved and widely used classical Chinese medicine prescription for the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases. Extensive clinical studies have reported that XFG demonstrates high efficacy and minimal adverse reactions in treating acute bronchitis (AB). However, there is an urgent need for a more cohesive evaluation of the evidence regarding the safe clinical use of XFG for AB.

MAO-B-triggered reaction for an optical triple-signal assay and AND logic gate application based on PEI-functionalized silver nanoparticles.

A novel analytical method was designed and developed that exhibited ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), fluorescence (FL), and resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) signals for straightforward and comprehensive determination of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) using polyethylenimine-functionalized silver nanoparticles (PEI-Ag NPs). Through a facile one-step experiment, and NaOH assisted, in an aqueous solution of 100 ℃ for 40 min PEI reacted with AgNO to generate PEI-Ag NPs with a yellow color and weak blue fluorescence. Interestingly, phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), a specific product of MAO-B, causes significant enhancement of the three optical signals of UV-Vis, FL, and RRS.

Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide for high efficient adsorption of methylene blue.

A highly efficient and widely applicable adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) was created using nitrogen-doped and reduced graphene oxide (NRGO). The effects of NRGO mass, pH, contact time, and the initial MB concentration on the adsorption properties of MB onto NRGO were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption behavior remained stable within the pH range of 2.

Role of metabolic characteristics in the co-occurrence of insomnia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: There reportedly exists a significant comorbidity between insomnia and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), indicative of a potential link to serum metabolic dysregulation.

Method: To elucidate shared pathophysiological mechanisms between insomnia and AD/PD, we performed comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, investigating 1,400 serum metabolic characteristics for their causal relationships with the risks of insomnia, AD, widely defined AD (WDAD), and PD. We employed publicly available genetic data; the primary estimate was determined using inverse-variance weighting, supplemented by weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and the MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger methods to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

mTORC1 regulates the proliferation of SOX9 porcine skin-derived stem cells (pSDSCs) by promoting S6K phosphorylation.

Skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are a subtype of adult stem cells (ASCs) that are widely harvested and exempt from ethical restrictions in clinical applications. These cells possess capabilities for self-renewal, proliferation, and multi-lineage differentiation. Compared to model animals like rats and mice, pigs exhibit greater physiological similarity to humans.

Biomimetic metal-phenolic nanocarrier for co-delivery of multiple phytomedical bioactive components for anti-atherosclerotic therapy.

Atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, involves complex pathophysiological processes. The co-delivery of multiple bioactive components derived from phytomedicine to atherosclerotic plaque is challenging, especially for those with varied solubilities. This study introduces a novel metal-phenolic network-based core-shell recombinant high-density lipoprotein nanocarrier (SSPH-MPN@rHDL) for co-delivering multiple bioactive components from Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius, including salvianic acid A (SAA), salvianolic acid B (SAB), protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA), hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), and tanshinone IIA (TS-IIA).

The validation and clinical bioanalysis of the Bicycle® Toxin Conjugate zelenectide pevedotin in human plasma.

Background: The Bicycle® toxin conjugate (BTC) zelenectide pevedotin, formerly known as BT8009, is a novel bicyclic peptide targeting the Nectin-4 tumor antigen conjugated to the cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a valine-citrulline cleavable linker. Zelenectide pevedotin is currently being investigated in a Phase 1/2 (Duravelo-1, NCT04561362) clinical trial to determine safety and efficacy in patients with tumors associated with Nectin-4 expression. A simple regulated bioanalytical assay was developed to quantify intact zelenectide pevedotin in patient plasma samples.

Novel ZnO-TiO@MSC nanomaterial based on corn stover template enhances disease resistance in tomato plants.

Crop diseases significantly threaten global food security, driving the need for innovative control strategies. This study explored using ZnO-TiO@MSC, a novel nanomaterial synthesized using a corn stover template, to enhance disease resistance in tomato plants. In vitro assays demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity of ZnO-TiO@MSC against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.

The role of lymph node level ratio in predicting prognosis and the benefits of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with pathological N1 stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To analyze the role of lymph node level ratio (LNLR) in predicting prognosis and the benefits of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with pathological N1 (pN1) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: Patients with pN1 HNSCC from January 2011 to February 2021 were included. Patients were grouped by the LNLR, lymph node yield (LNY), and lymph node ratio (LNR) and were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox model.

Association between wide-ranging food intake and Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive mendelian randomization study.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, including dietary habits. Despite considerable research, the relationship between food intake and PD risk remains poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the association between a wide spectrum of food intake and PD risk.