Palladium-Catalyzed Autotandem Ring-Opening of Cyclopropanols with Gem-Dibromoolefins for the Synthesis of β-Pyrrolo[1,2-]quinolinyl Ketones.

Herein, the palladium-catalyzed autotandem reaction of cyclopropyl alcohols with gem-dibromoolefins is described. This reaction system involves two distinct mechanistic processes, both efficiently catalyzed by the same palladium catalyst. This approach accommodates a wide substrate scope using readily available starting materials, offering a new and efficient method for synthesizing a series of β-pyrrolo[1,2-]quinolinyl ketones.

Phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes for the detection of hydrazine in environment and living cells.

As an important chemical raw material, hydrazine brings convenience to people's lives and provides opportunities for human development. However, the misuse or leakage of hydrazine has brought pollution to the environment, including water, soil and living organisms. At the same time, hydrazine poses a potential threat to human health as a carcinogen.

Dendritic Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Fully Responsive to Stimulation via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Are Rapidly Induced from Bone-Marrow Cells by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are commonly generated from bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone or in combination with interleukin 4 (IL-4). These cells are often harvested post day 5, when they acquire maturation markers and can stimulate T cells. Apart from DCs, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are also found within these cultures.

[Effects of topographic factors on leaf traits of apricot in the Loess Plateau, Northwest China].

As important topographic factors, slope aspect and gradient affect plant growth and leaf functional traits by regulating the combination of water and heat. Exploring the response of leaf functional traits to topographic factors is helpful for understanding plant adaptation strategies. We investigated the effects of sunny slope (including half sunny slope) and shady slope (including half shady slope) and three slope gradient (15°-20°, 21°-25°, and 26°-30°) on the leaf functional traits of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.

Identification of Human Antigen-Specific CD4 T-Cells with Peptide-MHC Multimer Technologies.

The development of peptide-MHC class II multimers has provided a novel approach in studying antigen-specific CD4 T-cells and extended the knowledge of these T cells in various disease settings, including infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and allergies. This chapter discusses the various applications of the peptide-MHC class II multimer technologies, specifically their uses in the evaluation of antigen-specific CD4 T-cells ex vivo, and their uses in epitope identification.

Tumor-infiltrating BRAFV600E-specific CD4+ T cells correlated with complete clinical response in melanoma.

T cells specific for neoantigens encoded by mutated genes in cancers are increasingly recognized as mediators of tumor destruction after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy or adoptive cell transfer. Unfortunately, most neoantigens result from random mutations and are patient specific, and some cancers contain few mutations to serve as potential antigens. We describe a patient with stage IV acral melanoma who achieved a complete response following adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

Alteration of early dendritic cell activation by cancer cell lines predisposes immunosuppression, which cannot be reversed by TLR4 stimulation.

Dendritic cells (DCs) have shown promise for use in cancer vaccine and cancer immunotherapy studies. However, we demonstrate that cancer cell lines can negatively interfere with DC generation in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-derived cultures, although cancer cells are able to enhance CD80 cell surface activation marker and cytokine secretion. Furthermore, in the presence of cancer cells, GM-CSF-derived DCs are unable to stimulate T-cells.

Lenalidomide-based maintenance therapy reduces TNF receptor 2 on CD4 T cells and enhances immune effector function in acute myeloid leukemia patients.

A major limitation to improved outcomes in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is relapse resulting from leukemic cells that persist at clinical remission. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are increased in AML patients, can contribute to immune evasion by residual leukemic cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine present at high levels within patients, can induce TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2) expression on Tregs.

The signalling imprints of nanoparticle uptake by bone marrow derived dendritic cells.

Nanoparticles (NP) possess remarkable adjuvant and carrier capacity, therefore are used in the development of various vaccine formulations. Our previous studies demonstrated that inert non-toxic 40-50 nm polystyrene NP (PS-NP) can promote strong CD8 T cell and antibody responses to the antigen, in the absence of observable inflammatory responses. Furthermore, instillation of PS-NP inhibited the development of allergic airway inflammation by induction of an immunological imprint via modulation of dendritic cell (DC) function without inducing oxidative stress in the lungs in mice.