Publications by authors named "Ying Tao"
Article Synopsis
- Exosomes are small vesicles released by cells that can activate the immune system, making them promising tools in cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to transfer molecules and trigger immune responses.
- They originate from immune and tumor cells, showcasing unique compositions that can influence immune functions and overall cancer progression.
- Understanding how exosomes work in immunotherapy is crucial, as they hold potential as cancer vaccines and targeted drug carriers, offering new strategies to enhance anti-cancer immunity.
High Quality-Factor All-Dielectric Metacavity for Label-Free Biosensing.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- High sensitivity and quality-factor are essential for excellent performance in photonic biosensors, but achieving both simultaneously is challenging due to conflicting requirements for optical field confinement and light-biomolecule interactions.* -
- A new approach is introduced by embedding a nanophotonic metasurface within a micro vertical cavity, creating a metacavity biosensor that uses the analyte solution for enhanced light-analyte interaction.* -
- The developed metacavity biosensor shows impressive results with a quality-factor of 4140 and high sensitivity (450 nm RIU), enabling effective detection of SARS-CoV-2 with a limit of 119 viral copies per mL.*
Article Synopsis
- Dioxins, known endocrine disruptors, were studied for their link to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a controlled group of 77 GDM cases and 154 controls, measuring various chemical compounds in early pregnancy.
- Advanced statistical methods like Bayesian machine kernel regression were used to identify significant chemicals and calculate benchmark doses (BMD) of dioxins, revealing that higher levels of total dioxin exposure significantly increase GDM risk.
- The research determined that the daily dietary exposure threshold for dioxins should stay below 4.34 pg TEQ per kg body weight per week to minimize health risks.
Article Synopsis
- Balance dysfunction affects a significant number of stroke patients, with existing therapies like virtual reality therapy (VRT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) showing promise in improving balance but lacking research on their combined effectiveness.
- This study involved a randomized controlled trial with 136 stroke patients, who were divided into four groups: one receiving VRT, another undergoing rTMS, a third getting both treatments, and a control group doing traditional balance training.
- Participants were evaluated over 4 weeks using various balance and mobility assessments, aiming to determine the impact of the combined treatment on balance function and brain plasticity.
Article Synopsis
- Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) leads to pain and limited joint function, affecting patients' quality of life, and is often linked to issues with the patellofemoral joint and abnormal patellar movement.
- A study was conducted with 60 KOA patients, dividing them into two groups: one receiving joint mobilization and the other undergoing tissue-bone homeostasis manipulation (TBHM), both participating in rehabilitation sessions for 12 weeks.
- After 12 weeks, TBHM showed statistically significant improvements in biomechanics and knee function, including step velocity and overall knee pain and stiffness, compared to the control group.
Article Synopsis
- Electrochemically oxidized amorphous iridium oxides (IrO) demonstrate better electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than their crystalline counterparts, largely due to the presence of deprotonated oxygen species both at the surface and near the surface.
- Using advanced techniques like cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, researchers were able to analyze size-selected electrochemical IrO nanoparticles (NPs) and their structural properties with minimal damage.
- The study revealed that as the size of the IrO NPs increases, their structure and activity change, leading to enhanced water oxidation reactivity, which is linked to subsurface oxygen chemistry affecting the overall surface reactivity in these nanos
Article Synopsis
- * The research involved 70 patients who underwent surgery for endometrial lesions, utilizing CEUS for detailed analysis and assigning FIGO disease grades based on results, which were then compared to pathological findings.
- * Findings indicated that CEUS could differentiate between malignant and benign lesions based on perfusion patterns, achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 88% for detecting myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma cases.
Photothermal and enhanced chemodynamic reinforced anti-tumor therapy based on PDA@POM nanocomposites.
J Colloid Interface Sci
January 2025
Article Synopsis
- Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are effective individual treatments for tumors, but they are often insufficient alone due to issues like metastasis and recurrence.
- A new approach involves synthesizing polydopamine-coated Tungsten-based polyoxometalate (PDA@POM) nanospheres that enhance both CDT and PTT through their unique properties.
- These nanospheres improve tumor treatment by using PDA for targeted cell destruction and W-POM to generate toxic reactive oxygen species, leading to better tumor suppression and a more effective therapy overall.
Article Synopsis
- CRISPR/Cas systems have great potential to transform cancer treatment, especially through the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and viral vectors for effective delivery.
- Engineered EVs, such as exosomes, can successfully transport CRISPR components to tumor cells, inhibiting growth and improving chemotherapy response, but face challenges like off-target effects and immune reactions.
- Viral vectors like adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) and adenoviral vectors (AdVs) are effective delivery methods, each with unique advantages and hurdles, and future efforts will focus on optimizing these systems for safer, more targeted cancer therapies.
Waste rubber tires are an area of global concern in relation to reducing the consumption of petrochemical products and environmental pollution. Herein, eco-friendly high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) elastomers were successfully in-situ synthesized through the incorporation of ground tire rubber (GTR). The excellent wet-skid resistance of PU/GTR elastomer was achieved by using mixed polycaprolactone polyols with Mn = 1000 g/mol (PCL-1K) and PCL-2K as soft segments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Hydrogen Bonding in the Hard Domains of the Siloxane Polyurea Copolymer Elastomers.
Polymers (Basel)
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on synthesizing siloxane polyurea copolymer elastomers using two types of aminopropyl-terminated polysiloxane monomers with differing molecular weights.
- The properties of these films, including tensile performance, UV-vis spectra, and glass transition temperature, are analyzed to understand how the copolymer structure affects their performance.
- Additionally, the research investigates film elasticity through various tests and relates the behavior of hydrogen bonding to the overall performance of the films, offering insights into the structure-property relationships of siloxane polyurea copolymer elastomers.
Article Synopsis
- A study examined brain activation patterns in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) during knee movement, highlighting abnormal responses compared to healthy controls.
- It utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure changes in brain regions related to movement and found KOA patients had lower activation levels in the contralateral motor (M1) and sensory (S1) areas.
- Results indicated a negative correlation between pain severity and brain activation levels, suggesting that higher pain is linked to reduced cortical activity during isokinetic movement.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of two research methods (Discrete Choice Experiment and Best-Worst Scaling) for assessing healthcare preferences among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and how these methods relate to specific demographic factors.
- Data was collected from 3,286 T2DM patients through a national survey, where participants completed both tasks and reported on their experiences regarding difficulty and comprehension.
- Results showed no significant difference in difficulty between the two methods, but a majority found the Discrete Choice Experiment easier to understand, with certain sociodemographic factors influencing comprehension and preferences.
Article Synopsis
- The anal sphincter complex is crucial for normal bowel function and continence, supported by surrounding muscles and tissues.
- A new deep learning tool was developed to automatically assess anal sphincter integrity through pelvic floor ultrasound, which traditionally relies on the skill of ultrasound technicians.
- The deep learning model showed a strong correlation with experienced sonographers' assessments and achieved a high accuracy in diagnosing anal sphincter injuries, marking a significant advancement in ultrasound diagnostics.
Article Synopsis
- Two-dimensional materials like graphene and MXenes show promise for electrochemical energy storage due to their large surface areas and unique properties, but creating a porous conductive network for effective energy storage remains a challenge.
- The need for thicker and denser electrodes for advanced devices and electric vehicles complicates matters, as traditional methods often sacrifice either capacitance or ion-accessibility.
- This text discusses how 2D materials can be organized into complex structures like fibers and porous networks to enhance performance, focusing on the roles of surface chemistry and microstructure formation in optimizing energy storage.
Article Synopsis
- Advances in stem cell technology, particularly with multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are opening up new treatment options for a variety of diseases and disorders.
- MSCs can self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, showing potential benefits in areas like tissue regeneration, immune response, and wound healing.
- The review highlights the clinical applications of MSCs sourced from umbilical cord, bone marrow, and adipose tissue, discussing their effectiveness in treating issues such as pulmonary, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases.
Article Synopsis
- * This study introduces a novel approach using magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with a chemotherapy drug that can be guided to tumors using a magnetic field, improving drug delivery.
- * The nanoparticles not only move towards the tumor but can also penetrate deeper and release the drug in response to the tumor's pH, showing promise in lab tests and animal models for better-targeted cancer therapy.
[Tanshinone ⅡA Ameliorates Cartilage Degeneration in Ovariectomized Rats by Regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/MMPs Signaling Pathway].
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
July 2024
Objective: To investigate the ameliorative effect of tanshinone ⅡA (Tan) on osteoarticular degeneration in ovariectomized rats (a postmenopausal estrogen deficiency model) and the mechanisms involved.
Methods: Eight-week-old female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups (=10 each), including a Sham operation group (Sham), an ovariectomy group (OVX), and low, medium, and high-dose Tan groups. Eight weeks after bilateral ovariectomy, the rats in the low, medium, and high-dose Tan groups were treated with Tan at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg for a duration of 28 days.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore the relationships between specific immune cell types (CD4 T cell phenotypes) and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
- It involved a case-control approach with 53 pairs of GDM patients and matched controls, using advanced statistical methods to analyze metabolic profiles and immune responses.
- Findings suggested that higher levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their associated markers may lower the risk of GDM, with certain metabolites playing a significant role in mediating this relationship.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores how different gut microbiota, or "enterotypes," affect blood glucose responses to whole grain rye in Chinese adults, with a focus on identifying a model linking enterotypes to metabolic outcomes.
- Conducted over 12 weeks, the trial involved 156 participants consuming either fermented rye bran or refined wheat, revealing that those who responded positively to rye had different gut microbiota profiles compared to non-responders.
- The findings emphasize the role of gut microbiota in nutrition interventions, suggesting that understanding these enterotypes can enhance the effectiveness of whole grain rye in lowering blood glucose levels and potentially preventing type 2 diabetes.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers analyzed clinical and ultrasound data from 20 women with confirmed urethral caruncles, documenting features like location, shape, size, and blood flow patterns.
- * Findings indicate that most caruncles are located on the posterior lip of the urethra and provide details useful for surgical preoperative planning and understanding of the caruncle's characteristics.
Article Synopsis
- Thickening electrodes enhances the amount of active components, boosting energy density in energy storage cells.
- However, thicker electrodes increase ion transport resistance, creating a trade-off with electrochemical performance.
- The study introduces a method using polyanionic backbones in gel electrolytes to improve ion transport in thick electrodes, achieving outstanding capacitances and potentially solving issues of energy density in supercapacitors and other energy devices.
Basic research on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has advanced significantly in the past two decades, yet a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms remains elusive. Concurrently, there is a growing interest among scientists in exploring the involvement of autophagy in various human diseases, including tumors and inflammatory conditions. While the role of autophagy in asthma has been extensively studied in airway inflammatory diseases, its significance in CRS with or without nasal polyps (NPs), a condition closely linked to asthma pathophysiology, has also garnered attention, albeit with conflicting findings across studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - The study investigates how the intake of B vitamins relates to the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (T2D), highlighting the importance of diet in preventing this public health issue.
- - Data was collected from nearly 45,000 adults using a food frequency questionnaire and examined for associations between B vitamins, inflammation, and T2D risk; results showed most B vitamins negatively correlated with T2D, except for B3.
- - The findings suggest that higher dietary intake of B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B9, B12) may help lower T2D risk, with inflammation playing a small mediating role in this relationship.
Article Synopsis
- - Resveratrol (RSV) is a powerful antioxidant that shows potential in protecting the brain from damage caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) by reducing inflammation and stress in brain cells.
- - In a study with mice, RSV treatment led to decreased levels of proteins associated with cell death (caspase-3 and caspase-12) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β), indicating a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) caused by TBI.
- - Additionally, improvements in brain function were observed after RSV treatment, suggesting that it not only helps in managing inflammation but also enhances neurological recovery in TBI cases.