hUC-MSC extracellular vesicles protect against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by promoting NLRP3 ubiquitination.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBD) is a major cause of neonatal mortality and long-term neurological deficits, with limited treatment options. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC-EVs) have shown promise in neuroprotection, but the mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores how hUC-MSC-EVs protect neonatal rats from HIBD.

ALDH2 plays a role in spermatogenesis and male fertility by regulating oxidative stress in mice.

Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation are complex biological processes that involve intricate cellular and molecular interactions. The Aldh2 gene is involved in the metabolism of specific aldehydes generated by oxidative stress. Aldh2 is abundantly expressed in the testis and epididymis; however, the specific role of Aldh2 in regulating spermatogenesis and sperm maturation remains unclear.

Crystal reconstructed cubic nickel oxide with energetic reactive interfaces for exceptional electrochromic smart windows.

Electrochromic smart windows can realize intelligent photothermal regulation by applying a low potential, which is of great significance for energy-saving buildings and achieving low carbon emission. However, the dense structure of conventional metal oxide electrochromic materials limits ion transport efficiency, resulting in poor electrochromic properties. Here, we propose a surface crystal reconstruction strategy for cubic NiO through phosphorylation (P-NiO) to build energetic reactive interfaces and enhance the electrochromic performance.

Effect of Succinylation on Oxidation-Aggregation of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Formation of Off-Flavors in Heated Egg Yolks.

This study examined the effect of succinylation on protein oxidation-aggregation and the formation of off-flavors in heated egg yolks (EYs). The sensory evaluation, content of volatile compounds, stability of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and oxidation of lipid and protein at six levels of succinylated EY (0.25%, 0.

Important Roles of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Relevant Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer Progression.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is an extremely common malignant tumor of the male genitourinary system, originating from the prostate gland epithelium. Male patients are prone to relapse after treatment, which seriously threatens their health. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt) plays an important role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of PCa.

Highly efficient synthetic bacterial consortium for biodegradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds: Behavior and mechanism.

Aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are prevalent pollutants in chemically contaminated sites, posing threats to ecological safety and human health. To address the challenge of achieving low-carbon, low-cost, green, and sustainable in-situ remediation at these sites, a highly efficient synthetic bacterial consortium was constructed for biodegradation of selected pollutants (i.e.

BAX pores facilitate mitochondrial DNA release in wasp sting-induced acute kidney injury.

The role of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-associated X (BAX) macropores in the leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and their impact on acute kidney injury (AKI) has recently been brought to the focus of researchers. This study aimed to explore the relationship between mtDNA leakage and BAX macropores during wasp sting-induced AKI. BAX mitochondrial translocation and macropores opening increased in both in vivo and in vitro models of wasp sting-induced AKI.

The prebiotic impacts of galactose side-chain of tamarind xyloglucan oligosaccharides on gut microbiota.

To explore the impacts of galactose side-chain on the prebiotic activity of xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XGOS), XGOS and de-galactosylated XGOS (DG-XGOS) were prepared from tamarind using an enzymatic method. The differences in structural features of XGOS and DG-XGOS were systematically analyzed. Their fermentation characteristics of human fecal microbiota were explored.

Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from a MIMIC-IV study.

Background: The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has emerged as a potential prognostic indicator for various critical illnesses. However, its role in determining outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) within the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between SHR and all-cause mortality in this clinical setting.

Chiral Amphiphilic Au Cluster and Its Specific Recognition to Remote Di-amines.

The atomic precision of metal nanoclusters and variability of surface ligands pave the way for their rational design and functionalization, whereas the property strengthening in multiple ways has been long challenging. Herein, improved amphiphilicity, chirality, thermostability, and strong CPL (circularly polarized luminescence) properties have been accomplished by facile ligand exchange of [Au(CHT)] with HCapt (HCHT and HCapt denote cyclohexanethiol and captopril). In addition, the obtained chiral [Au(SR)] (short for [Au(CHT)(Capt)]) clusters show specific binding affinity to remote-diamines (such as arginine and single/double strand DNA), originating from the hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interaction among the surface Capt ligands and the di-amine groups.

Relationship between Structural Defects and Free Electrons in Icosahedral Nanoclusters.

According to the classic superatom model, metal nanoclusters with a "magic number" of free valence electrons display high stability, manifesting as the closed-shell-dependent electronic robustness. The icosahedral nanobuilding blocks containing eight free electrons were the most common in constructing metal nanoclusters; however, the structure defect-dependent variations of the free electron count in icosahedral configurations are still far from thorough research. Here, we reported a hydride-containing [PtAg(SAdm)(DPPOE)H] nanocluster with two largely defective PtAg icosahedral cores.

Feasibility of acupuncture as an adjunct intervention for ovulatory disorder infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acupuncture (AT) is widely used in treatment of ovulatory disorder infertility (ODI), but the safety and efficacy of AT for ODI still lack an evidence-based basis.

Aim: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of AT as an adjunct intervention for ODI.

Methods: The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, and Chinese biomedical literature databases were searched from inception to January 20, 2024.

The association between composite dietary antioxidant index and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients: evidence from the NHANES.

Background: Although diabetic retinopathy (DR) is closely related to dietary patterns and oxidative stress, there is little research on the relationship between the compound dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and DR. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore the association between CDAI and DR in patients with type 2 diabetes, in order to provide a basis for dietary guidance to prevent DR.

Methods: Data for this study was obtained from NHANES conducted between 1999 and 2020.

Diagnosing Solid Lesions in the Pancreas With Multimodal Artificial Intelligence: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Importance: Diagnosing solid lesions in the pancreas via endoscopic ultrasonographic (EUS) images is challenging. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to help with such diagnosis, but existing AI models focus solely on a single modality.

Objective: To advance the clinical diagnosis of solid lesions in the pancreas through developing a multimodal AI model integrating both clinical information and EUS images.

Preparation and characterization of intelligent and active bi-layer film based on carrageenan/pectin for monitoring freshness of salmon.

This work aimed to develop and characterize a novel bi-layer film (BIF) for monitoring the freshness of salmon. The indicator layer consists of carrageenan (Car), pectin (PEC) and purple sweet potato anthocyanin (PSPA), and the antibacterial layer consists of Car and magnolol (Mag). The results showed that the Car/Mag2 had the optimal water resistance: the static water contact angle of 80.

A multi-kingdom collection of 33,804 reference genomes for the human vaginal microbiome.

The human vagina harbours diverse microorganisms-bacteria, viruses and fungi-with profound implications for women's health. Genome-level analysis of the vaginal microbiome across multiple kingdoms remains limited. Here we utilize metagenomic sequencing data and fungal cultivation to establish the Vaginal Microbial Genome Collection (VMGC), comprising 33,804 microbial genomes spanning 786 prokaryotic species, 11 fungal species and 4,263 viral operational taxonomic units.

Cu(I)-Glutathione Assembly Supported on ZIF-8 as Robust and Efficient Catalyst for Mild CO Conversions.

The Cu-glutathione (GSH) redox system, essential in biology, is designed here as a supramacromolecular assembly in which the tetrahedral 18e Cu(I) center loses a thiol ligand upon adsorption onto ZIF-8, as shown by EXAFS and DFT calculation, to generate a very robust 16e planar trigonal single-atom Cu(I) catalyst. Synergy between Cu(I) and ZIF-8, revealed by catalytic experiments and DFT calculation, affords CO conversion into high-value-added chemicals with a wide scope of substrates by reaction with terminal alkynes or propargyl amines in excellent yields under mild conditions and reuse at least 10 times without significant decrease in catalytic efficiency.

Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumor patients combined with chronic coronary syndromes or its risk factor: a nationwide multicenter cohort study.

Background: Although, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely applied in the therapy of malignant tumors, the efficacy and safety of ICIs in patients with tumors and pre-existing CAD, especially chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) or their risk factors (CRF), is not well identified.

Methods: This was a nationwide multicenter observational study that enrolled participants who diagnosed with solid tumors and received ICIs therapy. The main efficacy indicators were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), followed by objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR).

High-throughput enrichment of portal venous circulating tumor cells for highly sensitive diagnosis of CA19-9-negative pancreatic cancer patients using inertial microfluidics.

The carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is commonly used as a representative biomarker for pancreatic cancer (PC); however, it lacks sensitivity and specificity for early-stage PC diagnosis. Furthermore, some patients with PC are negative for CA19-9 (<37 U/mL), which introduces additional limitations to their accurate diagnosis and treatment. Hence, improved methods to accurately detect PC stages in CA19-9-negative patients are warranted.

Comparison between Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Antegrade and Transluminal Stent Implantation in Distal Malignant Biliary Obstruction after Failed ERCP.

Background: Distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO) can result in obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic ultrasound- (EUS-) guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been an alternative for DMBO after failed ERCP.

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety between antegrade and transluminal approaches in patients with unresectable DMBO when ERCP failed.

No causal association between the volume of strenuous exercise and coronary atherosclerosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Several observational studies have shown that high-volume and high-intensity exercise training increases the prevalence and severity of coronary atherosclerosis, but the causal effect still remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between the volume of strenuous exercise (SE) and coronary atherosclerosis (CA) using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Method: The exposure factors were two basic parameters of the volume of strenuous exercise (duration and frequency of strenuous exercise), the outcome factor was coronary atherosclerosis, and the relevant genetic loci were extracted from the summary data of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) as the instrumental variables, and MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, the weighted median method, and the MR-egger method.

AlphaFold2 assists in providing novel mechanistic insights into the interactions among the LUBAC subunits.

The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is the only known E3 ligase complex in which the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains of SHARPIN and HOIL-1L interact with HOIP to determine the structural stability of LUBAC. The interactions between subunits within LUBAC have been a topic of extensive research. However, the impact of the LTM motif on the interaction between the UBL domains of SHARPIN and HOIL-1L with HOIP remains unclear.