Automated Classification of Epiphyses in the Distal Radius and Ulna using a Support Vector Machine.

The aim of this study was to automatically classify epiphyses in the distal radius and ulna using a support vector machine (SVM) and to examine the accuracy of the epiphyseal growth grades generated by the support vector machine. X-ray images of distal radii and ulnae were collected from 140 Chinese teenagers aged between 11.0 and 19.

[Coronary angiography of in vitro porcine heart using MSCT].

Objective: To establish standardized methods and parameters of the isolated heart coronary angiography through the experiment of in vitro porcine heart by MSCT.

Methods: Based on different perfusion volume (50, 60 and 70 mL) and different perfusion-imaging time (5, 10 and 20 min), the in vitro porcine coronary artery was injected liposoluble and water-soluble contrast agents using remodel angiography equipment and scanned by MSCT. And the 3D image results were compared.

[Automated assessment of developmental levels of epiphysis by support vector machine].

Objective: To realize the automated assessment of the levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna by support vector machine (SVM).

Methods: The X-ray films of the left wrist joints were taken from 140 teenagers aged from 11 to 19 years old as training samples. The levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna were divided into five developmental levels.

[The subtle anatomical structures of normal nasal bone in MSCT image and forensic identification].

Objective: To summarize the subtle anatomical structures of the normal nasal bone in multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) image through the observation of the three-dimensional images.

Methods: One hundred and twenty volunteers who had no nasal trauma and disease history were collected. The nasal was scanned using MSCT.

[Application of MSCT's coronary artery calcification score in evaluation of sudden death caused by coronary artery disease].

Objective: To access application value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) and coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) in investigation the coronary artery disease (CAD), and to explore the effective way of virtual autopsy to evaluate the sudden death due to CAD.

Methods: Nine cases of sudden cardiac death were collected to analyze MSCT before the autopsy. The quantitative analysis of the degree of coronary artery calcium was made by Agatston's method.

[Mathematical models of the teenager's skeletal age evaluation based on CT scan and imaging reconstruction of medial clavicular epiphysis].

Objective: To explore the correlation between CT volume rendering (VR) statistics and living age and to build the mathematical models for skeletal age evaluation based on the growth rules of medial clavicular epiphysis of teenagers in China.

Methods: The thin layer CT scan and VR 3D imaging reconstruction of both sides of sternal ends of clavicles were examined for 684 teenagers aged from 15 to 25 in East and South China. The parameters of sternal end of clavicle including the longest diameter of epiphysis, the longest diameter of metaphysis, their length radio, area of epiphysis, area of metaphysic, their area ratio, and other data were measured and calculated in order to establish mathematical models of skeletal age evaluation.

Mathematical models for teenager's living age evaluation based on CT image of medial clavicular epiphysis.

Objective: To explore the correlation between volume rendering (VR) statistics of medial clavicular epiphysis and living age, and establish the mathematical models for living age evaluation using the CT image of medial clavicular epiphysis based on the growth rules of osteoepiphysis of medial clavicle.

Methods: The CT images of the medial clavicles from 795 teenagers aged 15-25, 387 males and 408 females, were collected in East and South China. VR 3D images were reconstructed from 0.

[Bone development trend in the knee joint of Tibetan teenagers in Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province].

Objective: To discuss bone development trend in the knee joint of Tibetan teenagers in Sichuan province and to effectively update the database for estimating the living age of Tibetan teenagers in terms of bone age of the knee joint.

Methods: Radiographs including epiphysis of distal femur, proximal tibia and proximal fibula were taken from 483 Tibetan male and female teenagers aged from 14 to 19 years old in Aba prefecture of Sichuan province in order to observe epiphyseal growth situation. The descriptive data of the epiphyseal closure ages of these teenagers' knee joints were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16.

[The staging method of sternal end of clavicle epiphyseal growth by thin layer CT scan and imaging reconstruction].

Objective: To establish a CT staging method of sternal end of clavicle epiphyseal growth for teenagers by thin layer CT scan, multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and volume reconstruction (VR) technologies.

Methods: The CT imaging characteristics, which collected from 460 teenagers (aged from 15 to 25) in East and South China, were studied through both sternal ends of clavicles' imagings by thin layer coronal CT scan and axial CT scan, MPR and VR technologies. The parameters of sternal end of clavicle including the longest diameter of epiphysis, the longest diameter of metaphysis, their length ratio, area of epiphysis, area of metaphysis, and their area ratio were measured and calculated in order to establish new classification.

[Progress in thin layer CT scan technology in estimating skeletal age of sternal end of clavicle].

It is practical value for determination the teenagers whether the age is full of the legal responsibility age of 18 years old or not by estimating skeletal age of sternal end of clavicle. The traditional methods mainly based on X-ray radiography. However, sternal end of clavicle and adjacent lung, bronchus, sternum, rib, transverse process of thoracic vertebra are overlapped each other.

Assessment of a sudden death case due to coronary artery disease based on the PMCT and forensic autopsy.

It is never an easy thing to diagnose heart vascular disease only depending on the unenhanced postmortem computed tomography (PMCT). This article reported a case of sudden natural death after the complaint of anterior chest pain in which coronary artery calcification (CAC) was clearly displayed using PMCT scan. The entire coronary artery system was almost reconstructed via multiplanar reformation (MPR) and volume-rendering reconstruction (VR), and the total calcium score of the coronary arteries was obtained with CaScoring automatic analysis software.

Long-term trend of bone development in the contemporary teenagers of Chinese Han nationality.

Objective: To further improve the accuracy of bone age identification using the time of secondary ossification center appearance and epiphyseal fusion of 7 joints to estimate the age of living individuals.

Methods: DR films were taken from 7 parts including sternal end of clavical and the left side of shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, knee and ankle joints of 1 709 individuals who came from eastern China, central China and southern China, whose ages were between 11.0 and 20.

[Analysis of variation of Han male adolescent bone development in Hainan, Henan and Zhejiang provinces].

Objective: To study the difference of bone development of the Han male adolescents in Hainan, Henan and Zhejiang provinces.

Methods: All radiographs including sternal end of clavicle, pelvis and six main bone joints taken from 877 Han male adolescents aged between 12.00 and 20.

[The analysis of variation of Han female adolescent bone development in Henan and Zhejiang province].

Objective: To study the difference of Han female adolescent bone development in Henan and Zhejiang province.

Methods: All radiography including sternal end of clavicle and six main bone joints were taken from 599 female adolescents with age between 12 to 19 in Henan and Zhejiang province. Twenty four skeletal development indexes were analyzed based on "The Grading Standards" of skeletal growth of teenagers and then the bone age were calculated using mathematical model functions.

[The trend of epiphyseal development of knee and ankle joints in teenagers and age estimation].

Objective: According to the features of epiphyseal development of knee and ankle joints in male and female teenagers, the trend of epiphyseal development was analyzed and the possibility of its application in age estimation was discussed.

Methods: Firstly, radiographs of adem position were taken from both sides of knee and ankle joints from 1709 individuals from Eastern China, Central China, and Southern China (Age: 11-21 years old). Secondly, 5 osteal loci were selected as bone age markers from the two joints.

[Imaging manifestation and medicolegal significance of bipartite patella].

Bipartite patella is uncommon in clinical medicine. It is formed by two or more ossification centers It is repeatedly misdiagnosed as patellar fracture in clinical practice. which do not fused in adolescence.

[Progress in skeletal age estimation with measurement method of X-ray film].

Age estimation by the measurement method is to get the data such as the length, width, thickness, area of the ossification center, transverse diameter of the metaphysis, transverse diameter of osteoepiphysis, width of the epiphyseal line and the ratio between the diaph and the epiphyseal, by measuring the different bones of human in different ages with the radiological technology and to explore the relationship between these data and the life age by statistics. According to the relationships the personal life age may be estimated. In this article the measurement methods above mentioned and its application in age estimation were reviewed.

[Eyeball structure changes in high myopic patients and their significance for forensic assessment].

There are irreversible eyeball structural changes in high myopic patients. These changes include axial length, corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, fundus degeneration, macula thickness, etc. There is a close relationship between the damage degree of visual function and these changes.

[Assessment of skeletal age in Chinese male adolescents].

Objective: To develop medicolegal expertise standard to assess skeletal age of Chinese male adolescents by joint X-ray.

Methods: Radiographs of male adolescent aged 11 to 20 years were obtained in Southern, Central, and Eastern China. The bone development process were graded according to morphology characteristics in radiograph based on the appearance of secondary ossification centers and the arrest of epiphysises.

[Mathematical models of forensic bone age assessment of living subjects in Chinese Han female teenagers].

Objective: To establish mathematical models which are used to assess bone age of living subjects in Chinese Han female teenagers.

Methods: Radiographs were taken from 838 normal Chinese female subjects aged from 11 to 20 years old including sternal end of clavical and the left side of shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, knee and ankle joints,which were from Middle China, South China and East China. Then read and grade the 24 osteal loci in accordance with the grading criteria of skeletal growth of teenagers.

[Staging methods of skeletal growth by X-ray in teenagers].

Objective: To establish staging criteria for teenager's skeletal growth by examining osteoarticular X-rays.

Methods: Review publications on skeletal growth staging systems by domestic and overseas authorities. Abided by the staging principles on theory of cartilage epiphyseal growth and X-ray images of skeletal growth, X-ray imaging characteristics were studied through three hundred male and female teenagers epiphyseal growth of both sternal ends of clavicle and the left side of shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, knee and ankle joints transversally and longitudinally.

[Development and prospect on skeletal age evaluation methods of X-ray film].

The traditional methods of skeletal age estimation mainly include Numeration, Atlas, and Counting scores. In recent years, other new methods were proposed by several scholars. Utilizing image logical characteristics of X-ray film to extrapolate skeletal age is a key means by present forensic medicine workers in evaluating skeletal age.