Orthodontically induced root resorption in endodontically treated and vital teeth: a cone beam computer tomographic study.

Background: Orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) is a common side effect of orthodontic treatment. This study compares the degree of OIRR between root-filled teeth (RFT) and vital pulp teeth (VPT), and analyzes relevant study variables.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 69 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment.

Elastic modulus of hydrogel regulates osteogenic differentiation via liquid-liquid phase separation of YAP.

Craniofacial bone defects induced by congenital malformations, trauma, or diseases frequently challenge the orthodontic or restorative treatment. Stem cell-based bone regenerative approaches emerged as a promising method to resolve bone defects. Microenvironment physical cues, such as the matrix elastic modulus or matrix topography, regulate stem cell differentiation via multiple genes.

Compressive force regulates orthodontic tooth movement via activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Mechanical stress regulates various cellular functions like cell inflammation, immune responses, proliferation, and differentiation to maintain tissue homeostasis. However, the impact of mechanical signals on macrophages and the underlying mechanisms by which mechanical force regulates bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement remain unclear. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been reported to promote osteoclastic differentiation to regulate alveolar bone resorption.

Knockdown of circHIPK3 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through activating the autophagy flux.

Many circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in the osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have recently been discovered. The role of circHIPK3 in osteogenesis has yet to be determined. Cell transfection was conducted using small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

Long noncoding RNA GAS5 alleviates the inflammatory response of human periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway.

Objectives: This study investigated the role of lncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in the inflammatory response of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) during periodontitis with attempts to its possible mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: Gingiva samples were collected from healthy people and patients with periodontitis. The ligature-induced periodontitis model was established in mice.

Long non-coding RNA SNHG5 mediates periodontal inflammation through the NF-κB signalling pathway.

Aim: We investigated the role of long non-coding RNAs and small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: A ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model was established, and gingival tissues were collected from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. Inflammatory cytokines were detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses.

A reduced level of the long non-coding RNA SNHG8 activates the NF-kappaB pathway by releasing functional HIF-1alpha in a hypoxic inflammatory microenvironment.

Background: A series of biochemical responses, including hypoxia and aseptic inflammation, occur in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) during periodontal tissue remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in these responses is still largely unknown. We investigated the role of the lncRNA SNHG8 in hypoxic and inflammatory responses during OTM and explored the underlying mechanisms.

Long non-coding RNA SNHG5 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the miR-212-3p/GDF5/SMAD pathway.

Background: The treatment of bone loss has posed a challenge to clinicians for decades. Thus, it is of great significance to identify more effective methods for bone regeneration. However, the role and mechanisms of long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) during osteogenic differentiation remain unclear.

Novel insights into the roles and therapeutic implications of MUC1 oncoprotein via regulating proteins and non-coding RNAs in cancer.

Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a heterodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein that protects epithelial cells in mammals. The transmembrane C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) plays a crucial role in oncogenesis. As an oncoprotein, MUC1-C regulates a number of proteins that are associated with tumorigenesis by interacting with oncoproteins, transcription factors, coactivators, etc.

Compressive force-induced LincRNA-p21 inhibits mineralization of cementoblasts by impeding autophagy.

The mineralization capability of cementoblasts is the foundation for repairing orthodontic treatment-induced root resorption. It is essential to investigate the regulatory mechanism of mineralization in cementoblasts under mechanical compression to improve orthodontic therapy. Autophagy has a protective role in maintaining cell homeostasis under environmental stress and was reported to be involved in the mineralization process.

LncPVT1 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells via miR-10a-5p/brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Background: Identifying the factors affecting osteoblast differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) can help enhance the regeneration of periodontal tissue. LncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncPVT1) is an important regulatory factor involved in many biological processes, but its role in osteogenesis remains unclear.

Methods: Expressions of osteogenic markers were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.

Long Non-coding RNA FER1L4 Mediates the Autophagy of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Under Orthodontic Compressive Force via AKT/FOXO3 Pathway.

Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by periodontal tissue remodeling triggered by mechanical force. It is essential to investigate the reaction of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) for improving orthodontic therapeutic approaches. Autophagy is an endogenous defense mechanism to prevent mechanical damage of environmental change.

Long non-coding RNA 01126 promotes periodontitis pathogenesis of human periodontal ligament cells via miR-518a-5p/HIF-1α/MAPK pathway.

Background: Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease, which can cause periodontal ligament to a local hypoxia environment. However, the mechanism of hypoxia associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in periodontitis is still largely unknown.

Methods: Microarray was performed to detect the expression patterns of lncRNAs in 3 pairs of gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls.

Mechanical force inhibited hPDLSCs proliferation with the downregulation of MIR31HG via DNA methylation.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how mechanical force affects the proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).

Methods: CCK-8 assays and staining of ki67 were performed to evaluate hPDLSCs proliferation. qRT-PCR, ELISA, or Western blot analysis were used to measure the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, miR-31 host gene (MIR31HG), DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), and DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B).

Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Regulating GDF5 and p38/JNK Signaling Pathway.

Both extracellular matrix (ECM) and stem cells contribute to the formation of bones. Accumulating evidence proved that the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) plays a vital role in ECM osteogenesis regulation; the use of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) may contribute to alveolar bone regeneration. Moreover, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) serves as a regulator in the growing process of cellular organisms including bone formation.

Long non-coding RNA FER1L4 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stromal cells via miR-874-3p and vascular endothelial growth factor A.

Background: Periodontal ligament stromal cells (PDLSCs) are ideal cell sources for periodontal tissue repair and regeneration, but little is known about what determines their osteogenic capacity. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulatory molecules at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, their roles in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs are still largely unknown.

Long noncoding RNA expression profile of mouse cementoblasts under compressive force.

Objectives: To investigate the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile of cementoblasts under compressive force.

Materials And Methods: Mouse cementoblasts were exposed to compression (1.5 g/cm) for 8 hours.

Salivary Exosomes: Emerging Roles in Systemic Disease.

Saliva, which contains biological information, is considered a valuable diagnostic tool for local and systemic diseases and conditions because, similar to blood, it contains important molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins. Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles 30-100 nm in diameter with substantial biological functions, including intracellular communication and signalling. These vesicles, which are present in bodily fluids, including saliva, are released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the cellular plasma membrane.

PIWI Proteins and PIWI-Interacting RNA: Emerging Roles in Cancer.

P-Element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and interact with PIWI proteins. piRNAs were primarily described in the germline, but emerging evidence revealed that piRNAs are expressed in a tissue-specific manner among multiple human somatic tissue types as well and play important roles in transposon silencing, epigenetic regulation, gene and protein regulation, genome rearrangement, spermatogenesis and germ stem-cell maintenance. PIWI proteins were first discovered in Drosophila and they play roles in spermatogenesis, germline stem-cell maintenance, self-renewal, retrotransposons silencing and the male germline mobility control.

Circular RNAs: A novel type of biomarker and genetic tools in cancer.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of universal and diverse endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and they form a covalently closed continuous loop without 5' or 3' tails unlike linear RNAs. Most circRNAs are presented with characteristics of abundance, stability, conservatism, and often exhibiting tissue/developmental-stage-specific expression. CircRNAs are generated either from exons or introns by back splicing or lariat introns.

Hypoxia-regulated human periodontal ligament cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation, morphology, migration ability, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 (HIF-1) expression, and the relationship with Wnt/β-catenin signaling of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in vitro.

Methods: hPDLCs (4th passage) cultured by the tissue culture method were randomly assigned to slight (5% O2), severe hypoxia (1% O2) groups, and the control (21% O2) group, respectively. From 1st to 7th day, the optical density values were detected, and the growth curve was described.