Promoting Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Co-Based Catalysts (Co O , CoS, CoP, and CoN) through Photothermal Effect.

The increase of reaction temperature of electrocatalysts is regarded as an efficient method to improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. Herein, it is reported that the electrocatalytic performance of dual functional (i.e.

Yield-Maturity Relationships of Summer Maize from 2003 to 2017 in the Huanghuaihai Plain of China.

Information on yield-maturity relationships is important for maize breeding and cultivation, but it is seldom available in geographic zones where there are limited heat resources for summer maize. Two novel systematic crop yield models were put forward in terms of production efficiency. These models as well as three other conventional models were used to analyze the crop yield and maturity dataset of 23,691 records that were collected from the annual reports for the national summer maize zonal trials conducted in the Huanghuaihai Plain of China during 2003 to 2017.

Tailoring TiO Nanotube-Interlaced Graphite Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Improving Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performance.

Rapid recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs is one of the major defects in graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-based photocatalysts. To address this issue, perforated ultralong TiO nanotube-interlaced g-CN nanosheets (PGCN/TNTs) are prepared via a template-based process by treating g-CN and TiO nanotubes polymerized hybrids in alkali solution. Shortened migration distance of charge transfer is achieved from perforated PGCN/TNTs on account of cutting redundant g-CN nanosheets, leading to subdued electron-hole recombination.

Carbon Quantum Dot Implanted Graphite Carbon Nitride Nanotubes: Excellent Charge Separation and Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Graphite carbon nitride (g-C N ) is a promising candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but only shows moderate activity owing to sluggish photocarrier transfer and insufficient light absorption. Herein, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) implanted in the surface plane of g-C N nanotubes were synthesized by thermal polymerization of freeze-dried urea and CQDs precursor. The CQD-implanted g-C N nanotubes (CCTs) could simultaneously facilitate photoelectron transport and suppress charge recombination through their specially coupled heterogeneous interface.

Ordered Single-Crystalline Anatase TiO Nanorod Clusters Planted on Graphene for Fast Charge Transfer in Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells.

Achieving efficient charge transport is a great challenge in nanostructured TiO -electrode-based photoelectrochemical cells. Inspired by excellent directional charge transport and the well-known electroconductibility of 1D anatase TiO nanostructured materials and graphene, respectively, planting ordered, single-crystalline anatase TiO nanorod clusters on graphene sheets (rGO/ATRCs) via a facial one-pot solvothermal method is reported. The hierarchical rGO/ATRCs nanostructure can serve as an efficient light-harvesting electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Gluing bifurcation and noise-induced hopping in the oscillatory phenomena of compartmentalized bidisperse granular gases.

Oscillatory phenomena of compartmentalized bidisperse granular gases are studied through experiments, molecular dynamics simulations, and a flux model [Mikkelsen et al., Phys. Rev.

Elastic waves in the presence of a granular shear band formed by direct shear.

The propagation of elastic waves in a box under direct shear, filled with glass beads and being sheared at constant rates, is studied experimentally and theoretically. The respective velocities are shown to be essentially unchanged from that in a static granular system under the same pressure and shear stress but without a shear band. Influence of shear band on sound behaviors are also briefly discussed.

Traveling shock front in quasi-two-dimensional granular flows.

While the density profile of a granular shock front can be obtained by the conventional treatment of supersonic fluids, its temperature profile is very different from that in ordinary shocks. We study the density and temperature profiles of a traveling granular shock generated by piling up metal spheres in a closed bottom quasi-two-dimensional channel. We successfully account for the temperature profile in the granular shock using a simple kinetic theory in terms of energy transfer from the mean flow direction to the transverse direction.

Oscillatory phenomena of compartmentalized bidisperse granular gases.

Compartmentalized bidisperse granular gases are numerically studied. Molecular-dynamics simulations studying granular clock phenomenon in three dimensions are presented, which complement previously reported two-dimensional simulation results. A flux model for binary mixtures is found to give qualitative descriptions for the oscillations, with no undetermined parameters or functions.

Temperature oscillations in a compartmentalized bidisperse granular gas.

A granular clock is observed in a vertically vibrated compartmentalized granular gas composed of two types of grains with the same size. The dynamics of the clock is studied in terms of an unstable evaporation or condensation model for the granular gas. In this model, the temperatures of the two types of grains are considered to be different, and they are functions of the composition of the gas.

van der Waals-like phase-separation instability of a driven granular gas in three dimensions.

We show that the van der Waals-like phase-separation instability of a driven granular gas at zero gravity, previously investigated in two-dimensional settings, persists in three dimensions. We consider a monodisperse granular gas driven by a thermal wall of a three-dimensional rectangular container at zero gravity. The basic steady state of this system, as described by granular hydrodynamic equations, involves a denser and colder layer of granulate located at the wall opposite to the driving wall.

Influence of electric field on the phase transitions of the hexagonal cylinder phase of diblock copolymers.

We have used the cell dynamic simulations (CDS) method to study the evolution of asymmetric and symmetric diblock copolymers under electric fields. For symmetric diblock copolymers, long-range-ordered lamellar phases form readily under electric fields. For asymmetric diblock copolymers, sphere-to-cylinder phase transitions occur rapidly when strong electric fields are applied, but it takes longer for the system to form hexagonal cylinder structures.