Important role of the right hemisphere in post-stroke cognitive impairment: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Significance: The current neuromodulation treatment for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is formulated based on interhemispheric inhibition, which is particularly relevant in the context of motor disorders after stroke. However, the pathological mechanism of PSCI remains unclear, which is completely different from motor disorders. Therefore, exploring the pathological brain characteristics of PSCI can provide a reliable theoretical basis for effective neuromodulation treatment for it.

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation alleviates NLRP3-related neuroinflammation induced by ischemic stroke via regulation of the Nespas/miR-383-3p/SHP2 pathway.

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating brain injury in animal models. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of tFUS on ischemic stroke were explored in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Low-intensity tFUS was administered to the ischemic hemisphere 24 h post-MCAO for seven consecutive days.

High-Frequency rTMS Broadly Ameliorates Working Memory and Cognitive Symptoms in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and tolerability of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of post-stroke working memory (WM) impairment and its changes in brain function.

Methods: In the present randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled design, 10 Hz rTMS was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of patients with post-stroke WM impairment for 14 days. Measures included WM (primary outcome), comprehensive neuropsychological tests, and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy test.

Interactions between tDCS treatment and COMT Val158Met in poststroke cognitive impairment.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met to post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and the interaction with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

Methods: Seventy-six patients with PSCI were randomly assigned to Group (1) (n = 38) to receive anodal tDCS of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or Group (2) (n = 38) to receive sham stimulation. The intensity of the tDCS was 2 mA, and the stimulations were applied over the left DLPFC for 10 sessions.

Functional Alterations of the Basal Ganglia Are Associated with Voluntary Activation of the Core Stabilizing Muscles in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Deficits in voluntary activation of the core stabilizing muscles are consistently observed in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP); however, the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed at testing the hypothesis that the impaired voluntary activation of core stabilizing muscles is associated with structural and functional alterations in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortex in patients with CLBP.

Methods: We obtained structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 53 patients with CLBP and 67 healthy controls and estimated the alterations in grey matter volume (GMV) and functional and effective connectivity (EC) of regions with altered GMV via whole brain analysis.

Screening diagnosis of executive dysfunction after ischemic stroke and the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation: A prospective functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Background: Post-ischemic stroke executive impairment (PISEI) is a serious obstacle for patients to returning to their society and is currently difficult to screen early and clinically ineffective.

Aim: The aim of the study was to clarify whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be used as a rapid screening tool for PISEI and to explore the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in PISEI patients and the changes in brain function.

Methods: A single-blind, randomized controlled study design was used to detect hemodynamic differences by fNIIRS in 16 PISEI patients and 16 healthy subjects during the resting state and Stroop task, respectively.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Fluoroallyllation of Carbonyls via C-C Activation of -Difluorocyclopropanes.

A new Co-catalyzed sequential C-C and C-F activation of -difluorinated cyclopropanes (-FCPs) to form nucleophilic fluoroallylcobalt, followed by addition to aldehydes, is reported. The protocol features the regioselective cleavage of dual chemical bonds of readily available -FCPs to prepare easily separable linear ()- and ()-fluorinated homoallylic alcohols with a broad scope. This discovery established a new strategy for the efficient transformation of -FCPs as well as the synthesis of challenging fluorinated homoallylic alcohols.

Palladium-Catalyzed Stagewise Strain-Release-Driven C-C Activation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl Alcohols.

A palladium-catalyzed chemoselective coupling of readily available bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl alcohols (BCP-OH) with various halides is reported, which offers expedient approaches to a wide range of cyclobutanone and β,γ-enone skeletons via single or double C-C activation.

Effects of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Language Recovery in Poststroke Survivors With Aphasia: An Updated Meta-analysis.

The effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) on treating poststroke aphasia (PSA) remain inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LF-rTMS on language function poststroke and determine potential factors that may affect treatment effects. Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the effects of LF-rTMS on language performance poststroke.

Effects of rTMS Treatment on Cognitive Impairment and Resting-State Brain Activity in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been employed for motor function rehabilitation for stroke patients, but its effects on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains controversial.

Objective: To identify the effects of rTMS intervention on PSCI patients and its potential neural correlates to behavioral improvements.

Methods: We recruited 34 PSCI patients for 20 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS or no-stim control treatments over the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).