Geographical disparities in access to hospital care in Ontario, Canada: a spatial coverage modelling approach.

Objectives: Previous studies on geographical disparities in healthcare access have been limited by not accounting for the healthcare provider's capacity, a key determinant of supply and demand relationships.

Design: This study proposed a spatial coverage modelling approach to evaluate disparities in hospital care access using Canadian Institute for Health Information data in 2007.

Setting: This study focusses on accessibility of inpatient and emergency cares at both levels of individual hospital and the administrative regions of Local Health Integration Network (LHIN) levels.

Optimization of inorganic carbon sources to improve the carbon fixation efficiency of the non-photosynthetic microbial community with different electron donors.

As the non-photosynthetic microbial community (NPMC) isolated from seawaters utilized inorganic carbon sources for carbon fixation, the concentrations and ratios of Na2CO3, NaHCO3, and CO2 were optimized by response surface methodology design. With H2 as the electron donor, the optimal carbon sources were 270 mg/L Na2CO3, 580 mg/L NaHCO3, and 120 mg/L CO2. The carbon fixation efficiency in response to total organic carbon (TOC) was up to 30.