The Catalytic Mechanism of Key Enzymes Involved in the Synthesis of Ergothioneine in .

C-S lyase is a crucial enzyme responsible for the formation of sulfur-containing flavor compounds in . We investigated the involvement of C-S lyase in the synthesis of ergothioneine (EGT) in , a high-producing edible mushroom. Through experimental and computational approaches, we identified 2, a C-S lyase, as a key enzyme involved in EGT synthesis in .

Molecular Profiling of Rice Straw Degradability Discrepancy in Core Germplasm.

The rice- pattern is a rapidly growing agricultural practice for straw disposal and mushroom production in China. However, different strains show a large variation in rice straw degradability. Here, we constructed a core collection of containing 14 strains with rich genetic diversity.

Transcriptome Reveals the Key Genes Related to the Metabolism of Volatile Sulfur-Containing Compounds in Mycelium.

() is a globally popular edible mushroom because of its characteristic sulfur-containing flavor compounds. However, the formation of the volatile sulfur-containing compounds in the mycelium of has not been studied. We found that there were also sulfur-containing aroma compounds in the mycelium of , and the content and composition varied at different stages of mycelial growth and development.

Near-gapless genome and transcriptome analyses provide insights into fruiting body development in Lentinula edodes.

Fruiting body development in macrofungi is an intensive research subject. In this study, high-quality genomes were assembled for two sexually compatible monokaryons from a heterokaryotic Lentinula edodes strain WX1, and variations in L. edodes genomes were analyzed.

Comparative analysis of simulated colonization and degradation by on oak wafer and corn stalk.

Introduction: The depolymerization of lignocellulose biomass by white-rot fungi has been an important research topic. However, few simulated in-situ analyses have been conducted to uncover the decay.

Methods: In this study, the white-rot Lentinula edodes was used to colonize the wood and non-wood substrates, and then hyphal transcriptional response and substrate degradation were analyzed during the spatial-temporal colonization on different type substrates to better understand the depolymerization of lignocellulose.

Prevalence and diversity of mycoviruses occurring in Chinese Lentinula edodes germplasm resource.

Incidence and banding patterns of virus-like dsRNA elements in 215 Chinese genetically diverse Lentinula edodes strains collected from wide geographic distribution (or producing areas) were first investigated, and 17 viruses were identified including eight novel viruses. The results revealed a 63.3% incidence of dsRNA elements in the cultivated strains and a 67.

Genome Sequencing Highlights the Plant Cell Wall Degrading Capacity of Edible Mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata.

The basidiomycetous edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata has excellent nutrition, medicine, bioremediation, and biocontrol properties. S. rugosoannulata has been widely and easily cultivated using agricultural by-products showing strong lignocellulose degradation capacity.

Construction of nucleus-directed fluorescent reporter systems and its application to verification of heterokaryon formation in .

Introduction: is a rare fungus with high nutrition value and distinct flavor. Despite the successful artificial cultivation, its genetic characteristics and biological processes such as life cycle, reproductive system, and trophic mode remain poorly understood.

Methods: Considering this, we constructed pEH2B and pMH2B vectors by fusing endogenous histone protein H2B with fluorescent proteins eGFP or mCherry, respectively.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights Into the Mechanism by Which 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Improves Thermotolerance in .

As the widest cultivated edible mushroom worldwide, suffers serious yield and quality losses from heat stress during growth and development, and in our previous study, exogenous 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was found to improve the thermotolerance of strain YS3357, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored the potential protective mechanism of exogenous 2,4-D against heat stress by transcriptome analysis. 2,4-D possible improve the thermotolerance of through regulating antioxidant genes, transcription factors, energy-provision system, membrane fluidity, and cell wall remodeling.

Population genomics provides insights into the genetic basis of adaptive evolution in the mushroom-forming fungus .

Introduction: Mushroom-forming fungi comprise diverse species that develop complex multicellular structures. In cultivated species, both ecological adaptation and artificial selection have driven genome evolution. However, little is known about the connections among genotype, phenotype and adaptation in mushroom-forming fungi.

Chromosome-Wide Characterization of Intragenic Crossover in Shiitake Mushroom, .

Meiotic crossover plays a critical role in generating genetic variations and is a central component of breeding. However, our understanding of crossover in mushroom-forming fungi is limited. Here, in , we characterized the chromosome-wide intragenic crossovers, by utilizing the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) datasets of an F haploid progeny.

Curing two predominant viruses occurring in Lentinula edodes by chemotherapy and mycelial fragmentation methods.

Previous research has established that Lentinula edodes mycovirus HKB (LeV-HKB) and L. edodes partitivirus 1(LePV1) are major mycoviruses identified in L.edodes germplasm.

Enhanced Expression of Thaumatin-like Protein Gene () Endows Resistance to in .

(shiitake mushrooms) is heavily affected by the infection of , causing yield loss and decreases quality in shiitake mushrooms. The selection and breeding of fungal-resistant species are an important approach to protecting from infection. Herein, a highly resistant strain (Y3334) and a susceptible strain (Y55) were obtained by using a resistance evaluation test.

RNA-Seq-based high-resolution linkage map reveals the genetic architecture of fruiting body development in shiitake mushroom, .

Fruiting body development (FBD) of mushroom-forming fungi has attracted tremendous interest. However, the genetic and molecular basis of FBD is poorly known. Here, using (shiitake) as a model, we deciphered the genetic architecture underlying fruiting body-related traits (FBRTs) by combined genomic, genetic and phenotypic data.

Biological Characterization and Antagonist Screening of Cladosporium anthropophilum, a Novel Pathogen Causing Stipe Black Rot on Commercial Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina filiformis (Agaricomycetes).

We report a new fungal disease, named stipe black rot, in a cultivation factory of Flammulina filiformis (an edible mushroom cultivated worldwide) in China. The pathogen was identified as Cladosporium anthropophilum by phylogenetic analysis and morphology characterization. C.

Mycoviral diversity and characteristics of a negative-stranded RNA virus LeNSRV1 in the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes.

Bioinformatics and RT-PCR analysis of RNA from four Lentinula edodes samples identified 22 different virus-like contigs comprising 15 novel and 3 previously reported viruses. We further investigated the Lentinula edodes negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (LeNSRV1) isolated from a symptomatic sample, whose virion is a filamentous particle with a diameter of ~15 nm and a length of ~1200 nm. RT-PCR analysis detected LeNSRV1 in 10 of the 56 Chinese L.

Characterization of Two Mitochondrial Genomes and Gene Expression Analysis Reveal Clues for Variations, Evolution, and Large-Sclerotium Formation in Medical Fungus .

, a precious mushroom with a long history as an edible food and Asian traditional medicine, remains unclear in the genetic mechanism underlying the formation of large sclerotia. Here, two complete circular mitogenomes (BL16, 135,686 bp and MD-104 SS10, 124,842 bp, respectively) were presented in detail first. The salient features in the mitogenomes of include an intron in the tRNA (trnQ-UUG), and an obvious gene rearrangement identified between the two mitogenomes from the widely geographically separated strains.

The development of an efficient RNAi system based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach for studying functional genomics in medical fungus Wolfiporia cocos.

Genetic transformation methods reported for Wolfiporia cocos are limited. In this study, we describe an efficient RNA interference (RNAi) system based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach in W. cocos for the first time.

Hsp40 Protein LeDnaJ07 Enhances the Thermotolerance of and Regulates IAA Biosynthesis by Interacting LetrpE.

Our previous study found that RNAi decreased resistance to heat stress and infection. In this study, the structure and function of the gene was analyzed by gene cloning and overexpression in stress-sensitive strain YS55 via the -mediated transformation method. Transformants were confirmed by qRT-PCR, fluorescence observation and Southern blotting.

Bioconversion of rice straw agro-residues by Lentinula edodes and evaluation of non-volatile taste compounds in mushrooms.

Rice straw was substituted for sawdust at five different ratios of 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% (Control, RS20, RS40, RS60 and RS80, respectively) to obtain five kinds of Lentinula edodes. The effects of adding cropped rice straw to substrate formulas on the proximate composition and non-volatile taste compounds in mushrooms were investigated. The control group had the highest level of MY and BE among the five formulations.

Subchromosome-Scale Nuclear and Complete Mitochondrial Genome Characteristics of .

(Vent.) Pers., a typical yellow morel species with high economic value, is mainly distributed in the low altitude plains of Eurasia.

Transcriptional Changes on Blight Fruiting Body of Caused by Two New Bacterial Pathogens.

A blight disease of was identified with symptoms of growth cessation of young fruiting bodies, short stipe, and brown spots on the pileus. The pathogenic bacteria were identified as and by Koch's postulate, gram staining, morphological and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analyses. Either of the pathogenic bacteria or both of them can cause the same symptoms.

Expression Profile of Laccase Gene Family in White-Rot Basidiomycete under Different Environmental Stresses.

Laccases belong to ligninolytic enzymes and play important roles in various biological processes of filamentous fungi, including fruiting-body formation and lignin degradation. The process of fruiting-body development in is complex and is greatly affected by environmental conditions. In this paper, 14 multicopper oxidase-encoding (laccase) genes were analyzed in the draft genome sequence of strain W1-26, followed by a search of multiple stress-related -elements in the promoter region of these laccase genes, and then a transcription profile analysis of 14 laccase genes () under the conditions of different carbon sources, temperatures, and photoperiods.

The mitochondrial genome of Morchella importuna (272.2 kb) is the largest among fungi and contains numerous introns, mitochondrial non-conserved open reading frames and repetitive sequences.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Morchella importuna, the famous edible and medicinal mushroom, was assembled as a 272,238 bp single circular dsDNA. As the largest mitogenome among fungi, it exhibits several distinct characteristics. The mitogenome of M.

Effects of GGT and C-S Lyase on the Generation of Endogenous Formaldehyde in at Different Growth Stages.

Endogenous formaldehyde is generated as a normal metabolite via bio-catalysis of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase (C-S lyase) during the growth and development of . In this study, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression levels, the activities of GGT and C-S lyase, and the endogenous formaldehyde content in at different growth stages. With the growth of , a decrease was found in the mRNA and protein expression levels of GGT, while an increase was observed in the mRNA and protein expression levels of C-S lyase as well as the activities of GGT and C-S lyase.