Amino acid substitutions affecting aspartic acid 605 and valine 606 decrease the interaction strength between the influenza virus RNA polymerase PB2 '627' domain and the viral nucleoprotein.

The influenza virus RNA genome is transcribed and replicated in the context of the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex by the viral RNA polymerase. The nucleoprotein (NP) is the structural component of the vRNP providing a scaffold for the viral RNA. In the vRNP as well as during transcription and replication the viral polymerase interacts with NP but it is unclear which parts of the polymerase and NP mediate these interactions.

Structural characterization and immuno-modulating activities of a polysaccharide from Ganoderma sinense.

A protein-bound polysaccharide (GSP-4) with a molecular weight of 8.3 × 10⁵ Da, was isolated from the water extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense. Chemical study revealed that this fraction was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose in the molar ratio of 4.

Isolation, structure characterization, and immunomodulating activity of a hyperbranched polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense.

A polysaccharide (GSP-6B) with a molecular mass of 1.86 × 10⁶ Da was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense . Chemical composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were conducted to elucidate its structure.

Comparison of the degradations of diphenamid by homogeneous photolysis and heterogeneous photocatalysis in aqueous solution.

In this work, the homogeneous and heterogeneous degradations of diphenamid (DPA) in aqueous solution were conducted by direct photolysis with UVC (254nm) and by photocatalysis with TiO(2)/UVA (350nm), and the experimental results were compared. It was found that the homogeneous photolysis by UVC irradiation alone was quite efficient to degrade DPA up to 100% after 360min, but was very inefficient to mineralize its intermediates in terms of dissolved organic carbon reduction of only 8%. In contrast, the heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO(2)/UVA showed relatively a lower degree of DPA degradation (51%), but a higher degree of its mineralization (11%) after 360min.

Effects of dissolved oxygen, pH, and anions on the 2,3-dichlorophenol degradation by photocatalytic reaction with anodic TiO(2) nanotube films.

In this study, the highly-ordered TiO(2) nanotube (TNT) arrays on titanium sheets were prepared by an anodic oxidation method. Under UV illumination, the TNT films demonstrated the higher photocatalytic activity in terms of 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3-DCP) degradation in aqueous solution than the conventional TiO(2) thin films prepared by a sol-gel method. The effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH on the photocatalytic degradation of 2,3-DCP were investigated.