Roles and challenges encountered by midwives in the management of postpartum haemorrhage following normal vaginal delivery: A scoping review.

Aims: To establish a comprehensive understanding of the roles of midwives and the challenges they encounter in the prevention, diagnosis and management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) following normal vaginal delivery.

Design: We conducted a scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) recommendations.

Methods: We considered studies related to the roles of midwives and the challenges they encounter in the prevention, diagnosis and management of PPH during vaginal delivery.

Self-Organization Formation of Multicellular Spheroids Mediated by Mechanically Tunable Hydrogel Platform: Toward Revealing the Synergy of Chemo- and Noninvasive Photothermal Therapy against Colon Microtumor.

Three-dimensional (3D) tumor cell culture offers a more tissue-recapitulating model in cancer treatment evaluation. However, conventional models based on cell-substrate adhesion deprivation are still of insufficient real tumor mimic. In this work, a novel method is proposed for inducing multicellular spheroids (MCSs) formation based on hydrogel with tunable microenvironmental properties.