Theoretical comparison of fructose with methylglucoside for the production of formate and levulinate catalyzed by Brønsted acids in a methanol solution.

For the conversion of fructose/methylglucoside (MG) into both methyl formate (MF) and methyl levulinate (MLev), the C-source of formate [HCOO] remains unclear at the molecular level. Herein, reaction mechanisms catalyzed by [CHOH] in a methanol solution were theoretically investigated at the PBE0/6-311++G(d,p) level. For the conversion of fructose into MF and MLev, the formate [HCOO] comes from the C1-atom of fructose, in which the rate-determining step lies in the reaction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with CHOH to yield MF and MLev.

The Treatment Satisfaction in Patients and Their Partners Treated with Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Sildenafil: A Prospective Non-Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) and other more invasive options merely provide symptomatic relief rather than a permanent improvement in erectile dysfunction (ED), whereas the long-term improvement in ED via low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) has been confirmed. So far, no comparative study of sildenafil versus Li-ESWT has been conducted with respect to treatment satisfaction.

Objective: In this study, we aim to compare erectile function status and satisfaction rates in patients who received sildenafil or Li-ESWT for ED.

De novo urothelial carcinoma in kidney transplantation patients with end-stage aristolochic acid nephropathy in China.

Introduction: Aristolochic acid contained in Chinese herbs has been proved to be nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. Immunosuppression is associated with an increased risk of developing malignancies. What will be the result if these two significant risk factors are concomitantly present in transplanted patients with aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN)?

Patients And Methods: A 2-center cohort of 1,612 renal transplant recipients was studied retrospectively from January 1998 to December 2006.

[Efficacy of Hushen Gujing (HSGJ) in preventing chronic allograft nephropathy in rats].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of HSGJ on chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) using standard rat model of CAN.

Method: Renal transplantation was performed with Fisher rats as donors and Lewis rats as recipients. All the recipients were randomly divided into control group and medication groups (high and low dosage of HSGJ, fed every other day).