Gallstone recurrence after successful percutaneous cholecystolithotomy: a 10-year follow-up of 439 cases.

Background: Stone recurrence is a major problem in the medication of gallstones with gallbladder preservation. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term recurrence rate of gallstones and the clinical outcome after successful percutaneous cholecystolithotomy (PCCL) treatment, and to investigate the possible risk factors for gallstone recurrence.

Methods: After successful PCCL for gallstones, 439 patients were followed up during a 10-year period.