Inhibition of UGT1A1*1 and UGT1A1*6 catalyzed glucuronidation of SN-38 by silybins.

UGT1A1 is the main enzyme that catalyzes the metabolic elimination and detoxification of SN-38, the active form of the drug irinotecan. Milk thistle products have been used widely to protect the liver from injury associated with the use of chemotherapeutic agents. To evaluate whether SN-38 metabolism can be affected by milk thistle products, the inhibitory effects of silybins on UGT1A1*1 and UGT1A1*6 were evaluated in the present investigation.

Association between polymorphism and antiepileptic drug resistance in epilepsy: An updated meta-analysis based on 62 studies.

Objective: Previous clinical studies and meta-analyses have shown controversial results on the association between polymorphism of the gene and anti-epileptic drug (AED) resistance. Based on the fact that sample size and confounding factors could contribute to the inconsistency, we performed an updated meta-analysis by including the most recent studies, and subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of confounding factors on the association.

Materials And Methods: We searched articles in 6 electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) for relevant articles up to June 2020.

The second type of transglutaminase regulates immune and stress responses in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.

The total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase activity, respiratory bursts (release of superoxide anion), superoxide dismutase activity, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to the pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus were measured when white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, (7.5 ± 0.5 g) were individually injected with diethyl pyrocarbonate-water (DEPC-H2O) or different dsRNA at 3 days of injection.