Digital robot-assisted minimally invasive impacted tooth extraction: A case report.

Objective: This study investigated the clinical effects and applicability of minimally invasive impacted teeth extraction using digital robots.

Methods: A marker was bonded to the non-surgical area before surgery. A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan was obtained and uploaded to the robot software to determine the drilling position of the ring drill.

Personal Guide Assisted Orthognathic Surgery: Application of a T-shaped Tooth Bone Combined Supporting Osteotomy Guide Plate and Positioning Guide Plate.

The precise movement of the maxilla is particularly important for orthognathic surgery, especially for patients with maxillary segmentation. In this preliminary study, the authors present a new tooth bone combined with a supporting osteotomy guide and positioning guide to guide the osteotomy and reduction of the maxilla. Through our preoperative simulation and postoperative image fusion, the authors found that the overlapping area is more than 90%.

[Inversion of Water Quality Parameters Based on UAV Multispectral Images and the OPT-MPP Algorithm].

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral remote sensing can be used to monitor multiple water quality parameters, such as suspended solids, turbidity, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll. Establishing a stable and accurate water quality parameter inversion model is a prerequisite for this work. The matching pixel-by-pixel (MPP) algorithm is an inversion algorithm for high resolution features of UAV images; however, it is associated with problems of excessive computation and over-fitting.

H5N1 influenza A virus with K193E and G225E double mutations in haemagglutinin is attenuated and immunogenic in mice.

Live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are now available for the prevention of influenza, with LAIV strains generally derived from serial passage in cultures or by reverse genetics (RG). The receptor-binding domain (RBD) in haemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus is responsible for viral binding to the avian-type 2,3-α-linked or human-type 2,6-α-linked sialic acid receptor; however, the virulence determinants in the RBD of H5N1 virus remain largely unknown. In the present study, serial passage of H5N1 virus A/Vietnam/1194/2004 in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells resulted in the generation of adapted variants with large-plaque morphology, and genomic sequencing of selected variants revealed two specific amino acid substitutions (K193E and G225E) in the RBD.

Occurrence and reassortment of avian influenza A (H7N9) viruses derived from coinfected birds in China.

Unlabelled: Over the course of two waves of infection, H7N9 avian influenza A virus has caused 436 human infections and claimed 170 lives in China as of July 2014. To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of H7N9, we surveyed avian influenza viruses in poultry in Jiangsu province within the outbreak epicenter. We found frequent occurrence of H7N9/H9N2 coinfection in chickens.

[Status of pesticide registration and residue analysis for traditional Chinese medicine in China].

The present paper outlined pesticide registration status for traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and summarized the characteristics of pesticide contamination in different regions of some widely used TCMs by retrieving last 10 years' literatures. At present, the problems of pesticide residues for TCM include less pesticide registrations, widespread high-residue organochlorine pesticides contamination, pesticide abuse, irregular GAP bases and imperfect pesticide limit standards, etc. According to the current situation, we should adopt some control measures to strengthen the quality control of TCMs so as to ensure the safety of TCMs and related products.

[Investigation on the endemic foci of new emerged tick-borne encephalitis in Charles Hilary, Xinjiang].

Objective: To investigate the recent emerged endemic region of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) regarding its natural reserves, in Charles Hilary, northern Xinjiang and to isolate and characterize the viral geographic strain.

Methods: Using indirect fluorescent assay to detect tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) specific IgG antibodies from serum of local residents including 2 unconfirmed viral encephalitis patients in 2011 spring-summer. Viruses were isolated from tick samples by inoculating BALB/c mice and BHK-21 cells.

The first complete genomic characterization of an Amur virus isolate from China.

Amur virus (AMRV) is a member of the genus Hantavirus in the family Bunyaviridae. In this study, we determined for the first time the complete genome sequence of the AMRV H8205 strain, which was isolated from a patient with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in China. The complete nucleotide sequence of the S segment of AMRV H8205 is 1699 nt long, with a 5' noncoding region (5'NC) of 36 nt, followed by a coding sequence of 1290 nt and a 3'NC of 373 nt.

The confirmation of three repeated sequence elements in the 3' untranslated region of Chikungunya virus.

In this study, the complete genomic nucleotide sequence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) strain S27 African prototype was determined and three 21 nucleotides repeated sequence elements (RSEs) at positions 11398-11418, 11533-11553, and 11620-11640 in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) were confirmed. In addition, the 3'UTRs of all CHIKV strains deposited in GenBank were analyzed. The results displayed that the majority of the CHIKV strains consisted of the three 21 nucleotides RSEs in the 3'UTRs, and the third RSE was the most conservative.

Complete genomic characterization of two tick-borne encephalitis viruses isolated from China.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) is prevalent over a wide area of the Eurasian continent. TBE viruses cause severe encephalitis in humans, with serious sequelae, and have a significant impact on public health in these endemic regions. To gain insight into genetic evolution of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in China, the complete genomic sequences of two TBEV strains Senzhang and MDJ01, which were isolated in 1953 and 2001 respectively, were characterized.

Comprehensive mapping of West Nile virus (WNV)- and Japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex-specific linear B-cell epitopes from WNV non-structural protein 1.

West Nile virus (WNV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) elicits protective immune responses during infection of animals. WNV NS1-specific antibody responses can provide the basis for serological diagnostic reagents, so the antigenic sites in NS1 that are targeted by host immune responses need to be identified and the conservation of these sites among the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) serocomplex members also needs to be defined. The present study describes the mapping of linear B-cell epitopes in WNV NS1.

Identification of two linear B-cell epitopes from West Nile virus NS1 by screening a phage-displayed random peptide library.

Background: The West Nile virus (WNV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is an important antigenic protein that elicits protective antibody responses in animals and can be used for the serological diagnosis of WNV infection. Although previous work has demonstrated the vital role of WNV NS1-specific antibody responses, the specific epitopes in the NS1 have not been identified.

Results: The present study describes the identification of two linear B-cell epitopes in WNV NS1 through screening a phage-displayed random 12-mer peptide library with two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 3C7 and 4D1 that directed against the NS1.

Identification of a conserved JEV serocomplex B-cell epitope by screening a phage-display peptide library with a mAb generated against West Nile virus capsid protein.

Background: The West Nile virus (WNV) capsid (C) protein is one of the three viral structural proteins, encapsidates the viral RNA to form the nucleocapsid, and is necessary for nuclear and nucleolar localization. The antigenic sites on C protein that are targeted by humoral immune responses have not been studied thoroughly, and well-defined B-cell epitopes on the WNV C protein have not been reported.

Results: In this study, we generated a WNV C protein-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and defined the linear epitope recognized by the mAb by screening a 12-mer peptide library using phage-display technology.

A duplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detecting H5N1 avian influenza virus and pandemic H1N1 influenza virus.

A duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was improved for simultaneous detection of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus and pandemic H1N1 (2009) influenza virus, which is suitable for early diagnosis of influenza-like patients and for epidemiological surveillance. The sensitivity of this duplex real-time RT-PCR assay was 0.02 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) for H5N1 and 0.

Development of a consensus microarray method for identification of some highly pathogenic viruses.

Some highly pathogenic viruses, such as Chikungunya virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, Hanta virus, SARS-CoV, and H5N1 avian influenza virus can cause severe infectious diseases. However, the consensus method for detecting these viruses has not been well established. A rapid and sensitive microarray approach for detection of these viruses and a panel of specific probes covering nine genera and 16 virus species were designed.

[Expression of tick-borne encephalitis virus prM-E protein in insect cells and studies on its antigenicity].

Background: To express the prM-E protein in Sf9 cells, and lay a basis for further study on the function of the viral proteins and development of specific diagnostic reagents.

Methods: The recombinant prM-E protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus was expressed in insect cell Sf9 by RT-PCR amplification of prM-E gene, construction of donor plasmid of Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system, homologous recombination of donor plasmid with bacmid DNA at the site of Tn7 and transfection of insect cell Sf9.

Results: Recombinant subviral particles, about 30 nm in diameter, consisting of prM-E were observed by electron microscope in the supernatant of infected cells, which indicated that infected cells released virus-like particles (VLPs) into the culture medium.

[Study on the animal model for severe acute respiratory syndrome].

To screen small animals susceptible to SARS-CoV, five species of animals, including guinea pig, hamster, albino hamster, chicken and rat, were experimentally infected with SARS-CoV strain BJ-01 by different routes. On the basis of this, further cynomolgus and rhesus macaques were selected and experimentally inoculated SARS-CoV, the quality they serve as animal model for SARS was evaluated. The results showed that, all five species of small animals chosed were not susceptible to SARS-CoV, no characterized changes in clinical sign and histopathology were observed after infection, but from the lung samples of large rat and pig guinea, the genomic RNA of SARS-CoV could be detected by RT-PCR at day 14 post infection, this suggested that SARS-CoV could replicate in these animals.

Activation of phosphorylating-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and its relationship with localization of intestinal stem cells in rats after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Aim: To investigate the expression of phosphorylating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in rat small intestine after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult and its relationship with the localization of intestinal stem cells.

Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups, namely intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group (R), intestinal ischemia group (I) and sham-operated control group (C). In group I, the animals were killed 45 minutes after superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion, while in group R the rats sustained SMA occlusion for 45 minutes and reperfusion for 2, 6, 12 or 24 hours respectively.

[Expression of protooncogene c-jun, p38 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in intestinal epithelial cells in rats different development stages].

Objective: To investigate the expression characteristics of protooncogene c-jun and its related gene p38 in different developmental intestinal epithelial cells in rats, and to explore their biological roles in the intestinal wound healing after injury.

Methods: Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expressions of c-jun, p38 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).

Results: The positive expression of c-jun in intestinal epithelial cells at the early development stage (from E14 d to P28 d) was much stronger and more extensive than that in mature rats, and migrated from bottom to top of villus with epithelial cellular development.

Rapid mitogen-activated protein kinase by basic fibroblast growth factor in rat intestine after ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Aim: Previous studies showed that exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF-2) could improve physiological dysfunction after intestinal ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the mechanisms of this protective effect of bFGF are still unclear. The present study was to detect the effect of bFGF on the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in rat intestine after I/R injury, and to investigate the protective mechanisms of bFGF on intestinal ischemia injury.

[An experimental study on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into vascular endothelial cells].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into vascular endothelial cells and the mechanism of its involvement in wound healing.

Methods: Porcine MSCs were harvested from porcine marrow, and they were isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation. After being cultured and amplified in vitro, the MSCs were labelled with BrdU (5-bromodeoxy-uridine).

Effect of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion on expressions of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor betain lung and its relation with lung repair.

AIM:To study the changes of endogenous transforming growth factor beta(TGFbeta) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in lung following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury and their effects on lung injury and repair.METHODS:Sixty Wistar rats were divided into five groups, which underwent sham-operation, ischemia (45 minutes), and reperfusion (6, 24 and 48 hours, respectively) after ischemia (45 minutes). Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the localization and amounts of both growth factors.