Artesunate attenuates skin hypertrophic scar formation by inhibiting fibroblast activation and EndMT of vascular endothelial cells.

Background Hypertrophic scarring is an abnormal condition involving excessive fibroblast activation, aberrant extracellular matrix deposition, and persistent inflammation. Current treatments have limited efficacy and potential adverse effects, necessitating the development of new approaches. Purpose In this study, we investigated the effects of artesunate (ART) on hypertrophic scar (HS) formation and explored the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Safe CNV removal is crucial for successful hESC-RPE transplantation in wet age-related macular degeneration.

Subretinal transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (hESC-RPE) cells has demonstrated therapeutic potential in macular degeneration. However, its efficiency is limited in wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). To investigate the feasibility of hESC-RPE cell transplantation, we employed a surgical approach to induce retinal detachment, which allowed the removal of CNV lesions.

Changes in Clinical Trials of Dermatological Drugs in Mainland China Between 2016 and 2022: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Policy reforms in drug regulation and reimbursement have encouraged drug research and development in China. However, there is a lack of insights on industry trends for dermatology research. We aim to describe trends and features of clinical trials for dermatology drugs in China, understand recent achievements, and forecast development trends.

The subventricular zone structure, function and implications for neurological disease.

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a region surrounding the lateral ventricles that contains neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells, which can proliferate and differentiate into various neural and glial cells. SVZ cells play important roles in neurological diseases like neurodegeneration, neural injury, and glioblastoma multiforme. Investigating the anatomy, structure, composition, physiology, disease associations, and related mechanisms of SVZ is significant for neural stem cell therapy and treatment/prevention of neurological disorders.

Hydroxytyrosol, a Component of Olive Oil for Breast Cancer Prevention in Women at High Risk of Cancer.

This study evaluates the effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a component of olive oil, on mammographic breast density reduction. We explored effects of HT on Wnt -catenin and other pathways involved in cancer stem cell renewal, DNA repair, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Twenty-five milligrams per day oral dose of HT was given for 12 months in pre- and postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer.

The use of large language models in detecting Chinese ultrasound report errors.

This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in improving the accuracy of Chinese ultrasound reports. Data from three hospitals (January-April 2024) including 400 reports with 243 errors across six categories were analyzed. Three GPT versions and Claude 3.

The Role of Thickening Agent Proportions in Optimizing Nanoemulsion Gel for Dermatophytosis Treatment.

Background: Adjusting thickening agent proportions in nanoemulsion gel (NG) balances its transdermal and topical delivery properties, making it more effective for dermatophytosis treatment.

Methods: Carbomer 940 and α-pinene were used as model thickening agent and antifungal, respectively. A series of α-pinene NGs (αNG1, αNG2, αNG3) containing 0.

Microenvironment-induced programmable nanotherapeutics restore mitochondrial dysfunction for the amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic liver disorder with severe complications. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to over-opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in liver cells plays a central role in the development and progression of NAFLD. Restoring mitochondrial function is a promising strategy for NAFLD therapy.

Strategically Designed Ternary Nanohybrids of Titanate Nanosheet and Polydopamine-Coated Carbon Nanotubes for Highly Efficient Enrichment of Uranium(VI).

A strategically designed ternary nanohybrid (TNS-PDA/CNT), consisting of titanate nanosheet (TNS) and polydopamine-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube (PDA/CNT composite), was synthesized by the facile hydrothermal method and wet impregnation method for removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution and were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TNSs were introduced into the PDA/CNT composite, which effectively averted the agglomeration of the CNT and further exposed more adsorption sites. PDA thin layer exposing more active sites was conducive to enhance adsorption capacity and kinetic.

A bacteria-responsive nanoplatform with biofilm dispersion and ROS scavenging for the healing of infected diabetic wounds.

Delayed wound healing in patients with diabetes remains a major health challenge worldwide. Uncontrolled bacterial infection leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and persistent inflammatory responses, which seriously hinder conventional physiological healing processes after injury. Biofilms, as protective barriers for bacteria, pose a critical obstacle to effective bacterial eradication.

Safety and efficacy of orthopedic robots in total hip arthroplasty: a network meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: With the increasing demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the inevitable trend of orthopedic robots and artificial intelligence in the future, it is necessary to explore the safety and effectiveness of orthopedic robots in THA. Currently, most orthopedic robots are in the early stages of development, and evaluating their clinical efficacy can assist in making informed decisions for practical use.

Objective: To explore the advantages of 7 types of robot-assisted THA with respect to 5 indicators.

Efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of steroid and/or IVIG unresponsive neuronal surface antibodies associated autoimmune encephalitis.

Introduction: Whether double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) is effective in the patients who do not response to the initial immunotherapy is uncertain. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DFPP in the treatment of patients who had no improvement after initial immunotherapy (steroids and/or immunoglobulin (IVIG)), and moreover, to investigate the factors associated with the efficacy of DFPP.

Methods: From January 1st, 2014, to December 30th,2018, a total of 26 patients who were diagnosed autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and were received the treatment of DFPP after unsuccessful or incomplete recovery from their early immune therapy (including intravenous high-dose cortisone, IVIG and or immunosuppressant) for at least 21 days were investigated.

Resolvin D2/GPR 18 axis ameliorates pressure overload-induced heart failure by inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization.

Accumulating evidence has revealed that chronic unresolved inflammation can cause significant tissue damage and can be a key mediator of advanced heart failure (HF). Resolvin (Rv) D2, a member of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), plays a protective role in various diseases by facilitating resolution. However, whether RvD2 participates in the pathogenesis of HF is still unclear.

Association between Arsenic Methylation in Early Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study.

The metabolism of arsenic (As) plays a crucial role in its health effects. However, the impact of arsenic methylation during early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between As methylation in the first and second trimesters and the incidence of GDM by conducting a prospective cohort study in Chongqing, China.

Cocrystallization-Induced Red Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence.

Organic cocrystals formed through multicomponent self-assembly have attracted significant interest owing to their clear structure and tunable optical properties. However, most cocrystal systems suffer from inefficient long-wavelength emission and low phosphorescence efficiency due to strong non-radiative processes governed by the energy gap law. Herein, an efficient long-lived red afterglow is achieved using a pyrene (Py) cocrystal system incorporating a second component (NPYC4) with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) properties.

Causality between diabetes and membranous nephropathy: Mendelian randomization.

Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN) has not yet been fully elucidated regarding its relationship with Type I and II Diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the causal effect of multiple types of diabetes and MN by summarizing the evidence from the Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods: The statistical data for MN was obtained from a GWAS study encompassing 7979 individuals.

Cobalt-catalysed desymmetrization of malononitriles via enantioselective borohydride reduction.

The high nitrogen content and diverse reactivity of malononitrile are widely harnessed to access nitrogen-rich fine chemicals. Although the facile substitutions of malononitrile can give structurally diverse quaternary carbons, their access to enantioenriched molecules, particularly chiral amines that are prevalent in bioactive compounds, remains rare. Here we report a cobalt-catalysed desymmetric reduction of disubstituted malononitriles to give highly functionalized β-quaternary amines.

Interleukin-12p40 deficiency attenuates myocardial ferroptosis in doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting Th17 differentiation and interleukin-17A production.

Aims: Interleukin (IL)-12p40 is a common subunit of the bioactive cytokines IL-12 and IL-23, and it also has its own intrinsic functional activity. However, its role in doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiomyopathy (DICCM) as well as the underlying mechanisms are still unknown.

Methods And Results: In this study, we used IL-12p40-knockout mice, IL-23p19-knockout mice, Rag1-knockout mice, a ferroptosis inhibitor, recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12), rIL-23, rIL-12p40, rIL-12p80, and anti-IL17A to investigate the effects of IL-12p40 on DICCM and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.