Heterocycle compounds synthesized by amide ligand-promoted copper salt catalyzed construction of C-O(S) bonds.

We introduce a mild method for the ligand-promoted copper-catalyzed coupling of 2-halophenol to construct DBDO using cost-effective copper salts, ligands, and alkaline reagents. This method cleverly makes 2-bromophenol complete the Ullman reaction twice, achieves efficient C-O(S) bond coupling and intermolecular cyclization, and yields high amounts of oxygen(sulfur)-containing six-membered ring products. Less reactive 2-chlorophenol was also applied in this catalytic system.

Dapagliflozin ameliorates hepatic steatosis via suppressing LXRα-mediated synthesis of lipids and bile acids.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence is rising globally with no pharmacotherapies approved. Hepatic steatosis is closely associated with progression and prognosis of NAFLD. Dapagliflozin, kind of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, was found to improve NAFLD in clinical trials, while the underlying mechanism remains poorly elucidated.

Atherosis-associated lnc_000048 activates PKR to enhance STAT1-mediated polarization of THP-1 macrophages to M1 phenotype.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202419110-00029/figure1/v/2024-03-08T184507Z/r/image-tiff Our previous study has demonstrated that lnc_000048 is upregulated in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke and promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. However, little is known about the role of lnc_000048 in classically activated macrophage (M1) polarization.

Plasticity changes in iron homeostasis in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) may counteract chronically inactive skeletal muscle atrophy.

Disuse-induced muscular atrophy is frequently accompanied by iron overload. Hibernating animals are a natural animal model for resistance to disuse muscle atrophy. In this paper, we explored changes in skeletal muscle iron content of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during different periods of hibernation as well as the regulatory mechanisms involved.

GINS2 promotes the progression of human HNSCC by altering RRM2 expression.

Introduction: GINS2 exerts a carcinogenic effect in multiple human malignancies, while it is still unclear that the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of GINS2 in HNSCC.

Methods: TCGA database was used to screen out genes with significant differences in expression in HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expression of GINS2 in HNSCC tissues and cells.

Far-UVC Photolysis of Peroxydisulfate for Micropollutant Degradation in Water.

Increasing radical yields to reduce UV fluence requirement for achieving targeted removal of micropollutants in water would make UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) less energy demanding in the context of United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and carbon neutrality. We herein demonstrate that, by switching the UV radiation source from conventional low-pressure UV at 254 nm (UV) to emerging Far-UVC at 222 nm (UV), the fluence-based concentration of HO in the UV/peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) AOP increases by 6.40, 2.

Characteristics of germline DNA damage response gene mutations in ovarian cancer in Southwest China.

DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are responsible for repairing endogenous or exogenous DNA damage to maintain the stability of the cellular genome, including homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, mismatch repair (MMR) pathway, etc. In ovarian cancer, current studies are focused on HRR genes, especially BRCA1/2, and the results show regional and population differences. To characterize germline mutations in DDR genes in ovarian cancer in Southwest China, 432 unselected ovarian cancer patients underwent multi-gene panel testing from October 2016 to October 2020.

The PIEZO1/miR-155-5p/GDF6/SMAD2/3 signaling axis is involved in inducing the occurrence and progression of osteoarthritis under excessive mechanical stress.

Objective: To elucidate the molecular mechanism of overloading-induced osteoarthritis (OA) and to find a novel therapeutic target.

Methods: We utilized human cartilage specimens, mouse chondrocytes, a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model, and a mouse hindlimb weight-bearing model to validate the role of overloading on chondrocyte senescence and OA development. Then, we observed the effect of PIEZO1-miR-155-5p-GDF6-SMAD2/3 signaling axis on the preservation of joint metabolic homeostasis under overloading in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo by qPCR, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, SA-β-gal staining, CCK8 assay, et al.

Valorization of Nannochloropsis oceanica for integrated co-production of violaxanthin cycle carotenoids.

The development of integrated co-production of multiple high-purity carotenoids from microalgal cells holds considerable significance for the valorization of microalgae. In this study, the economical microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica was identified as an accumulator of violaxanthin cycle carotenoids, including violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Notably, a novel and competent approach for the integrated co-production of violaxanthin cycle carotenoids was explored, encompassing four steps: microalgal cultivation, solvent extraction, octadecylsilyl open-column chromatography, and ethanol precipitation.

Continuous tuning of pulse parameters in a soliton fiber laser by adjusting the effect of nonlinear polarization rotation: publisher's note.

This publisher's note contains a correction to Opt. Lett.49, 674 (2024)10.

Comparative investigations on the incorporation of biogenic Fe products into anaerobic granular sludge of different sources: Fe loading capacity, physicochemical properties, microbial community and long-term methanogenesis performance.

Anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been regarded as the core of lots of advanced anaerobic reactors. Formation of biogenic Fe products and their incorporation into AGS could influence interspecies electron transfer and methanogenesis performance. In this study, with anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) from different sources (brewery, chemical plant, paper mill, citric acid factory, and food factory) as the research targets, the formation of biogenic iron products in AGS through the biologically induced mineralization process was studied.

Triterpenoid ursolic acid regulates the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene-driven epigenetic and metabolic alterations in SKH-1 hairless mice for skin cancer interception.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens accountable to developing skin cancers. Recently, we reported that exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a common PAH, causes epigenetic and metabolic alterations in the initiation, promotion and progression of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). As a follow-up investigation, this study examines how dietary triterpenoid ursolic acid (UA) regulates B[a]P-driven epigenetic and metabolic pathways in SKH-1 hairless mice.

ANGPTL3 is a novel HDL component that regulates HDL function.

Background: Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is secreted by hepatocytes and inhibits lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase activity. Previous studies reported the correlation between plasma ANGPTL3 levels and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Recently ANGPTL3 was found to preferentially bind to HDL in healthy human circulation.

Novel CAD gene mutations in a boy with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 50 with dramatic response to uridine therapy: a case report and a review of the literature.

Background: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-50 (DEE-50) is a rare clinical condition believed to be caused by a mutation in the CAD gene and is associated with a bleak prognosis. CAD-related diseases have a wide range of clinical manifestations and other symptoms that may be easily overlooked. Like other rare diseases, the clinical manifestations and the treatment of DEE-50 necessitate further investigation.

The association between patterns of weight change, diabetes status and glycaemia among adults with overweight and obesity.

Aims: To investigate the associations between weight change patterns and 5-year incident non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA) levels among individuals who had overweight or obesity.

Methods: This longitudinal cohort study (N = 435) pooled data from a weight management trial. Participants were adults with a body mass index of ≥28 kg/m.

How persistent infection overcomes peripheral tolerance mechanisms to cause T cell-mediated autoimmune disease.

T cells help orchestrate immune responses to pathogens, and their aberrant regulation can trigger autoimmunity. Recent studies highlight that a threshold number of T cells (a quorum) must be activated in a tissue to mount a functional immune response. These collective effects allow the T cell repertoire to respond to pathogens while suppressing autoimmunity due to circulating autoreactive T cells.

Correlation between COVID-19 infection and fetal situs inversus.

Background: Situs inversus is a rare congenital condition, defined by the mirror-image transposition of the abdominothoracic organs. It is linked to an increased risk of different disorders, for example, congenital heart defects and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Recently, some reports have been on the increased incidence of situs inversus after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Examining the impact of a 9-component bundle and the INICC multidimensional approach on catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates in 32 countries across Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Background: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) frequently occur in the intensive care unit (ICU) and are correlated with a significant burden.

Methods: We implemented a strategy involving a 9-element bundle, education, surveillance of CAUTI rates and clinical outcomes, monitoring compliance with bundle components, feedback of CAUTI rates and performance feedback. This was executed in 299 ICUs across 32 low- and middle-income countries.

Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking integrated experimental verification reveal β-sitosterol as the active anti-NSCLC ingredient of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua by suppression of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (Huangjing) is a Chinese herb that is considered by ancient Chinese healers to have the effect of nourishing yin and moisturizing the lungs. It is clinically used to treat diseases of the pulmonary system, including non-small cell lung cancer. However, the precise active components and underlying mechanisms of Huangjing in the context of treating NSCLC remain uncertain.

Neonicotinoid insecticides and metabolites levels in neonatal first urine from southern China: Exploring links to preterm birth.

Neonicotinoids (NEOs) have indeed become the most widely used insecticides worldwide. Concerns have been raised about their potential impact on newborns due to maternal exposure and their unique neurotoxic mode of action. However, it is still poorly understood whether in utero exposure of pregnant women to environmental NEOs and their metabolites can cause carryover effects on vulnerable newborns and subsequent health consequences.

Elliptical spiral zone plate fabrication using direct laser writing for generating an elliptical perfect vortex beam.

We report and fabricate a novel, to our knowledge, vortex beam generator called elliptical spiral zone plate (ESZP) using direct laser writing (DLW), which can generate the elliptical perfect vortex beam (EPVB). It is shown that the radius of the EPVB can be adjusted by tuning the control parameters of the ESZP. It is verified through the interference experiment and the Hermitian-Gaussian light field that the topological charge of the EPVB is consistent with the design.

Rethinking skip connections in Spiking Neural Networks with Time-To-First-Spike coding.

Time-To-First-Spike (TTFS) coding in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offers significant advantages in terms of energy efficiency, closely mimicking the behavior of biological neurons. In this work, we delve into the role of skip connections, a widely used concept in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), within the domain of SNNs with TTFS coding. Our focus is on two distinct types of skip connection architectures: (1) addition-based skip connections, and (2) concatenation-based skip connections.

Salmonellosis outbreak archive in China: data collection and assembly.

Infectious disease outbreaks transcend the medical and public health realms, triggering widespread panic and impeding socio-economic development. Considering that self-limiting diarrhoea of sporadic cases is usually underreported, the Salmonella outbreak (SO) study offers a unique opportunity for source tracing, spatiotemporal correlation, and outbreak prediction. To summarize the pattern of SO and estimate observational epidemiological indicators, 1,134 qualitative reports screened from 1949 to 2023 were included in the systematic review dataset, which contained a 506-study meta-analysis dataset.