Application of Large Language Models in Medical Training Evaluation-Using ChatGPT as a Standardized Patient: Multimetric Assessment.

Background: With the increasing interest in the application of large language models (LLMs) in the medical field, the feasibility of its potential use as a standardized patient in medical assessment is rarely evaluated. Specifically, we delved into the potential of using ChatGPT, a representative LLM, in transforming medical education by serving as a cost-effective alternative to standardized patients, specifically for history-taking tasks.

Objective: The study aims to explore ChatGPT's viability and performance as a standardized patient, using prompt engineering to refine its accuracy and use in medical assessments.

Factors associated with foot self-care behaviour and foot screening attendance in people with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in primary care.

Objectives: To assess the factors associated with foot self-care behaviour and non-adherence to foot screening among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design And Setting: A multicentre cross-sectional study was undertaken in seven primary care polyclinics in Singapore between October 2020 and December 2021.

Participants And Outcomes: 275 adults (male 55.

How to enhance persulfate processes by external-field effects: From fundamentals to applications.

Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs) are considered as efficient techniques for the degradation of contaminants, whereas the effective activation methods for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation play vital roles in PS-AOPs. However, the internal electric field mediated activation methods, like introducing chemicals and materials, are often restricted by their intrinsic properties. Conversely, the introduction of external fields can provide extra energy to remarkably enhance the PS activation performance from outside, acting as an additional impetus to promote the cleavage of OO bond and thus improve the generation efficiency of ROS.

Adolescent circadian rhythm disruption increases reward and risk-taking.

Introduction: Circadian rhythm disturbances have long been associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the onset of psychiatric disorders and for circadian rhythm and sleep disruptions. Preclinical studies have found that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) impacts the brain and behavior, but this research is largely focused on adult disruptions.

[Recent progress in mass spectrometry imaging using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization].

Ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables hundreds of analytes in tissue sections to be directly mapped at atmospheric pressure with minimal sample preparation. This field is currently experiencing rapid growth, with numerous reported ambient ionization techniques resulting in a "hundred flowers bloom" situation. Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI), developed by the Laskin group in 2010, is a widely used liquid-extraction-based ambient ionization technique that was first used for mass spectrometry imaging of tissue in 2012.

ACE Loss Drives Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth and Invasion by Modulating AKT-FOXO1.

Purpose: Emerging literature links the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to the progression of cancers. However, the function of RAAS has not been verified in Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods: ACE expression in ccRCC tissues was determined using RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining.

Molecular intersections of traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease: the role of ADMSC-derived exosomes and hub genes in microglial polarization.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant contributor to global mortality and morbidity, with emerging evidence indicating a heightened risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) following TBI. This study aimed to explore the molecular intersections between TBI and AD, focusing on the role of adipose mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC)-derived exosomes and hub genes involved in microglial polarization. Transcriptome profiles from TBI (GSE58485) and AD (GSE74614) datasets were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Rapid N2O Formation from N2 on Water Droplet Surfaces.

Nitrogen (N2) has long been considered as stable atmospheric reservoir for N element and has a persistence time of hundreds of years. This study reveals that oxygen (O2) at typical tropospheric concentrations can rapidly activate N2, leading to substantial production of nitrous oxide (N2O), the third most impactful greenhouse gas, at rates approaching 2.83 ± 0.

The impact of physical exercise with additional visual tasks on UDVA and accommodation sensitivity in children: the mediating role of kinetic visual acuity.

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of physical exercise supplemented with visual tasks on children's uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), kinetic visual acuity (KVA), and accommodative sensitivity, with an analysis of the mediating role of KVA.

Methods: A total of 168 third-grade students from four natural classes in a primary school in Suzhou City were randomly assigned to either an experimental group ( = 86) or a control group ( = 82). The experimental group engaged in 30 cycles of ciliary muscle training tasks with visual targets presented for 3 s during physical exercises, while the control group participated in regular physical exercises.

Circulating tumor DNA detection improves relapse prediction in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a lethal form of gynecological malignancy. Some EOC patients experience relapse after standard primary debulking surgery (PDS) and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Identifying molecular residual disease (MRD) by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection can timely signal the potential for relapse.

The effect of stored autologous blood transfusion on IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and liver function recovery in patients undergoing liver cancer surgery.

Purpose: This study aim is to evaluate the application of stored autologous blood transfusion in liver cancer surgery and explore its impact on postoperative changes in inflammatory factors and liver function recovery.

Method: The study used a control group (CG) design and included 150 patients who underwent liver cancer surgery. While the observation group (OG) got autologous blood that had been preserved, the CG had a standard allogeneic blood transfusion.

Characterization of a tomato chlh mis-sense mutant reveals a new function of ChlH in fruit ripening.

Tomato fruit ripening is a complex developmental process that is important for fruit quality and shelf life. Many factors, including ethylene and several key transcription factors, have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of tomato fruit ripening. However, our understanding of the regulation of tomato fruit ripening is still limited.

GF-1 WFV satellite images based forest cover mapping in China supported by open land use/cover datasets.

The United Nations sustainable development agenda emphasizes the importance of forests. China's forests cover 5% of the world's forest area, significantly influencing global climate and ecology. In recent decades, China's forests have undergone notable changes.

Modeling ClO-NOM Reactions for Predicting Byproduct Formation and Micropollutant Degradation in Surface Water.

Chlorine dioxide (ClO) is a promising alternative disinfectant/oxidant to free chlorine in drinking water treatment, while it reacts with natural organic matter (NOM) to form free chlorine, chlorite ions (ClO), and chlorate ions (ClO) as byproducts. Predicting the ClO consumption and the formation of these byproducts using a kinetic model helps to balance the trade-off between disinfection/oxidation efficiency and byproduct formation. This study establishes a summative equation to describe the reaction between ClO and ClO-reactive moieties in the NOM (CRNOM).

Enhanced Dielectric Energy Storage Performance of Polyimide/γ-GaO Nanocomposites under Dual Trap Mechanisms.

The rapid development of advanced electronics, hybrid vehicles, etc. has imposed heightened requirements on the performance of polymer dielectrics. However, the energy density () of polymer dielectrics significantly decreases due to increased leakage current and dielectric loss under high temperatures and high electric fields.

Microbiomic insights into the oral microbiome's role in type 2 diabetes mellitus: standardizing approaches for future advancements.

The burgeoning field of microbiomics has unveiled significant insights into the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), with this review focusing on recent advancements in diabetic oral microbiology, its clinical applications, and identifying factors that may affect study interpretations. A comprehensive review across various databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, was conducted to collate original research data published in the past five years, specifically targeting studies exploring the impact of the oral microbiome on T2DM and emphasizing research that employs microbiomic approaches in clinical patient populations. The findings delineate the intricate interplay between T2DM and oral microbiome dysbiosis, highlighting significant microbial shifts following periodontal and antidiabetic treatments, and pointing to the complexity of the relationship between oral health and systemic disease.

Rheumatoid Factor Titer as an Indicator of the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity: Dose-Effect Analysis with the Restricted Cubic Spline Model.

Background: Rheumatoid factor (RF) titer is known to be correlated to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity, but the ideal cut-off titer of RF remains unclear. Here, the relationship between RF titer and RA activity was investigated in order to determine the ideal RF value indicative of the risk of RA activity.

Methods: Clinical data from 2044 eligible patients were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from February 2022 to October 2023.

Design, synthesis, molecular docking and antimicrobial evaluation of benzoylurea derivatives containing difluoromethyl (trifluoromethyl) pyrimidine.

Background: The reduction in agricultural product quality and yield caused by fungal and bacterial plant diseases has led to considerable economic losses in global crop production and poses a threat to human health. The primary method of control remains the use of chemical agents. In an effort to develop novel and highly effective antimicrobial agents, a series of benzoylurea derivatives incorporating a difluoromethyl (trifluoromethyl) pyrimidine structure were designed and synthesized.

Persist or resist: Immune checkpoint inhibitors in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Although epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), especially third-generation TKIs, have significantly improved the progression-free survival and overall survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutation, TKI resistance is inevitable for most patients. Over the past few years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved the survival for EGFR-wild type NSCLC patients. However, no significantly improved benefits were observed with ICI monotherapy in EGFR-mutated patients.

Mechanism of miR-503-5p on cardiac hemangioma and clinical validation.

It has been claimed that microRNA 503-5p (miR-503-5p) is the key to the future diagnosis and treatment of cardiac hemangioma (CH), but the relationship between the two has not been fully validated. In this study, we analyzed the effect of miR-503-5p targeting type IA bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR1A) on CH to inform future diagnosis and treatment of CH. First, miR-503-5p and BMPR1A abnormal expression sequences (vectors) were transfected into human hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HemECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to observe alterations in cell biological behavior, adhesion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Directing Zn Growth with Biased Adsorption of Straight-chain Molecules for Superior Zn Anode Stability.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), which have attracted attentions in the field of energy storage, is affected by dendrites and side reactions of Zn anode, resulting in an unsatisfactory performance of AZIBs. Herein, we propose a biased adsorption strategy mediated by straight-chain molecule (Scm) for stabilizing Zn anode. The dual polar termini of Scms guaranties securely anchor themselves in a parallel orientation upon the Zn anode surface.

Association Between Blood Pressure Variation During Dialysis and Cardio-Cerebrovascular Events.

In hemodialysis patients, blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, previous research has predominantly concentrated on the predialysis BPV. In contrast, intradialytic BPV, reflecting the cardiovascular regulatory function during the process of rapid clearance of volume overload, holds greater relevance to the prognosis of patients.

Longitudinal changes in choroidal structures among children with low to moderate myopia under orthokeratology treatment.

Purpose: To explore the longitudinal changes in choroidal features in myopic children with low to moderate myopia under orthokeratology (ortho-k) treatment.

Methods: Children (n = 80) aged 8-12 years with spherical equivalent refraction of -1.00 to -6.