Intermittent fasting for weight management and metabolic health: An updated comprehensive umbrella review of health outcomes.

Aims: To provide an updated comprehensive evaluation of the quality and evidence association of existing studies on health outcomes related to intermittent fasting (IF).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, covering literature up to June 2024. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews that include adult populations and quantitatively analyse health outcomes related to IF interventional studies are included.

Identification of clinical risk factors for coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Coronary artery lesions are the most severe complications of Kawasaki disease. Despite recent advances, evidence of the association between risk factors and coronary artery lesion is lacking. In this study, we demonstrated the potential clinical indicators that could assist to evaluate the prevalence of coronary artery lesion among paediatric patients with Kawasaki disease.

Research on bronze wine vessel classification using improved SSA-CBAM-GNNs.

This article proposes an advanced classification algorithm for bronze drinking utensils, taking into account the complexity of their cultural characteristics and the challenges of dynasty classification. The SSA-CBAM-GNNs algorithm integrates the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), Spatial and Spectral Attention (CBAM) modules, and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). The CBAM module is essential for optimizing feature extraction weights in graph neural networks, while SSA enhances the weighted network and expedites the convergence process.

Hypoxia-based critical gene biomarkers as prognostic reporters for gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background: Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumour of the digestive system, yet there is a lack of reported prognostic biomarkers for STAD patients.

Methods: Transcriptomic expression data of STAD from GEO database, single cell sequencing data from OMIX gastric cancer database. Conservative molecular typing of gastric cancer was constructed using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF).

Elevated urine albumin creatinine ratio increases cardiovascular mortality in coronary artery disease patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Albuminuria has been suggested as an atherosclerotic risk factor among the general population. However, whether this association will be amplified in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. It is also unknown whether diabetes mellitus confounds the association.

Lingering Effects of Legacy Industrial Pollution on Yellow Perch of the Detroit River.

We used yellow perch (Perca flavescens) captured at four sites differing in legacy industrial pollution in the Lake St. Clair-Detroit River system to evaluate the lingering sublethal effects of industrial pollution. We emphasized bioindicators of direct (toxicity) and indirect (chronic stress, impoverished food web) effects on somatic and organ-specific growth (brain, gut, liver, heart ventricle, gonad).

Albumin-Modified Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Radiosensitizers for Enhancing Lung Cancer Radiotherapy.

Background: Considering the strong attenuation of photons and the potential to increase the deposition of radiation, high-atomic number nanomaterials are often used as radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy, of which gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are widely used.

Materials And Methods: We prepared albumin-modified GNPs (Alb-GNPs) and observed their radiosensitizing effects and biotoxicity in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma tumor-bearing mice models.

Results: The prepared nanoparticles (Alb-GNPs) demonstrated excellent colloidal stability and biocompatibility at the mean size of 205.

Effect of triple therapy with low-dose total body irradiation and hypo-fractionated radiation plus anti-programmed cell death protein 1 blockade on abscopal antitumor immune responses in breast cancer.

Immunostimulatory effects of radiotherapy can be synergistically augmented with immune checkpoint blockade to act both on irradiated tumor lesions and distant, non-irradiated tumor sites. Our hypothesis was that low-dose total body irradiation (L-TBI) combined with hypo-fractionated radiotherapy (H-RT) and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (aPD-1) checkpoint blockade would enhance the systemic immune response. We tested the efficacy of this triple therapy (L-TBI + H-RT + aPD-1) in BALB/c mice with bilateral breast cancer xenografts.

Diagnostic Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded to have significant function in most steps during cancer progression. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the accuracy of EVs as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis. The diagnostic efficacy of EVs for different cancers was assessed using pooled sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and overall area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC).

Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect of Folate-Conjugated Olaparib Nanoparticles Combined with Radiotherapy in Cervical Carcinoma.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT), one of the main treatments for cervical cancer, has tremendous potential for improvement in the efficacy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a key enzyme in the repair of DNA strand breaks (DSB). Olaparib (Ola) is a PARP inhibitor that is involved in preventing the release of PARP from RT-induced damaged DNA to potentiate the effect of RT.

HMGB1 in Radiotherapy: A Two Headed Signal Regulating Tumor Radiosensitivity and Immunity.

Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that RT not only directly induces cell death but also has late and sustained immune effects. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein released during RT, with location-dependent functions.

Prolonged survival out of water is linked to a slow pace of life in a self-fertilizing amphibious fish.

Metabolic rate and life-history traits vary widely both among and within species, reflecting trade-offs in energy allocation, but the proximate and ultimate causes of variation are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that these trade-offs are mediated by environmental heterogeneity, using isogenic strains of the amphibious fish that vary in the amount of time each can survive out of water. Consistent with pace of life theory, the strain that survived air exposure the longest generally exhibited a 'slow' phenotype, including the lowest metabolic rate, largest scope for metabolic depression, slowest consumption of energy stores and least investment in reproduction under standard conditions.

Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model of Vancomycin-Associated Nephrotoxicity in Elderly Patients: A Pilot Study.

This exploratory study aimed to develop a risk prediction model of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity (VANT) in elderly patients. Clinical information of elderly patients who received vancomycin therapy from January 2016 to June 2018 was retrieved. A total of 255 patients were included in this study.

Temporal profiles of cortisol accumulation and clearance support scale cortisol content as an indicator of chronic stress in fish.

The development of chronic stress indicators for fish is of great interest, but appropriate non-invasive methods are lagging those used in terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we explore the possibility that levels of the stress hormone cortisol in scales could be used as a chronic stress indicator. Three experiments were conducted to assess the temporal profiles of cortisol rise and fall in plasma and scales of goldfish () in response to stressors of varying intensity and duration.

Factors affecting terrestrial movement in the amphibious mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus).

We hypothesised that the exploration tendency of the amphibious mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus would be inhibited in the terrestrial environment because of constraints on terrestrial locomotion or orientation. Using a novel object test, we showed that the fish explored objects in the aquatic but not the terrestrial environment, supporting the existence of constraints on terrestrial exploration. In further tests of the effects of extrinsic factors on terrestrial movement between aquatic refuges, shallow water depth simulating desiccation risk and the presence of a conspecific simulating intraspecific competition increased emersion outside of refuges, while high water salinity had no effect.

A Multimaterial Microphysiological Platform Enabled by Rapid Casting of Elastic Microwires.

Due to escalating drug developmental costs and limitations of cardiotoxicity screening, there is an urgent need to develop robust in vitro 3D tissue culture platforms that can both facilitate the culture of human cardiac tissues and provide noninvasive functional readouts predictive of cardiotoxicity in clinical settings. However, such platforms commonly require complex fabrication procedures that are difficult to scale up to high-throughput testing platforms. Here, innovative multimaterial processing into a scalable and functional platform is proposed in the format of a 96-well plate.

Going beyond the classical amphiphilicity paradigm: the self-assembly of completely hydrophobic polymers into free-standing sheets and hollow nanostructures in solvents of variable quality.

Self-assembly is well-known to occur in amphiphiles, and the totally hydrophobic ones are never reported to self-assemble. In this work we report for the first time that the latter can self-assemble into free-standing sheets and hollow spheres in toluene/methanol mixed solvents by modulating the solvent quality. The homopolymers studied in this work are polystyrene (PS), polyphenylacetylene (PPA), and poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT), representing polymers with different rigidity.

Tunable interactions of polyoxometalate-based brushlike hybrids in solvents of variable quality: from self-recognition to supramolecular recognition.

The controllable interactions of a spherical polymer brush modeled by a poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridinium methyl iodide)-polyoxometalate composite micelle, SVP-6, with a polyoxometalate-based supramolecular star polymer, PSP-4, in solvents of variable quality allow us to tune their self-assembly behaviors from self-recognition to supramolecular recognition. In the former case, isolated, contractive spheres together with a few vesicles formed by PSP-4 coexist with multimicelle aggregates formed by SVP-6, whereas SVP-6 is hosted inside the vesicle of PSP-4 in the latter case. This work represents an important step toward the development and understanding of programmable self-assembly of brushlike polymers into complex materials.

Spherical polymer brushes in solvents of variable quality: an experimental insight by TEM imaging.

The spherical micelle and vesicle composed of [PW12O40](3-) and poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridinium methyl iodide) are regarded as a model system to study spherical polymer brushes (SPBs) in solvents of various quality. The pure repulsions occur for the brush chains in the chloroform solution and chloroform/methanol mixture with a methanol volume ratio of 9.1%, where the grafted polystyrene chains have a relatively extended conformation.

[Absorption and transportation characteristic of alkaloids from herba ephedra in model of Caco-2 cells monolayer].

Objective: To study the absorption and transportation characteristic of 1-ephedrine (LEP), d-pseudoephedrine (DPEP), d-norpseudoephedrine (DNPE) isolated from Herba Ephedrae, which were classified the alkaloids, in human intestinal epithelium.

Method: Caco-2 (the human colon adeno carcinoma cell lines) cells monolayer was used as an intestinal epithelial cell model. The permeability of the three alkaloids from apical side (AP side) to basolateral side (BL side) or from BL side to AP side was evaluated.