Retinal Microstructural and Microvascular Changes in Alzheimer Disease: A Review.

"The eyes are a window to the brain," prompting the investigation of whether retinal biomarkers can indicate Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitive impairment. AD is a neurodegenerative condition with a lengthy preclinical phase where pathologic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) occur before clinical symptoms. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often precedes AD.

Metabolomic characterization of human glioblastomas and patient plasma: a pilot study.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a clinically challenging primary brain tumor with poor survival outcome despite surgical resection and intensive chemoradiation. The metabolic heterogeneity of GBM can become biomarkers for treatment response, resistance, and outcome prediction. The aim of the study is to investigate metabolic distinctions between primary and recurrent GBM tissue and patient plasma to establish feasibility for metabolic profiling.

Retinal Microstructural Changes Reflecting Treatment-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Lower-Grade Gliomas.

Purpose: To determine whether microstructural retinal changes, tumor features, and polymorphism are correlated with clinically detectable treatment-associated cognitive dysfunction (TACD) in patients with lower-grade gliomas.

Design: Cohort study.

Participants And Controls: Sixteen patients with lower-grade glioma at a United States academic ophthalmology department between January 2021 and November 2023.

A Novel Predictive Model Utilizing Retinal Microstructural Features for Estimating Survival Outcome in Patients with Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis despite surgery and chemoradiation. The visual sequelae of glioblastoma have not been well characterized. This study assessed visual outcomes in glioblastoma patients through neuro-ophthalmic exams, imaging of the retinal microstructures/microvasculature, and perimetry.

Neuro-ophthalmic features of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Background: Increased intracranial pressure is a potential cause of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leak. Associated neuro-ophthalmic features have not been well studied, particularly relationships with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). We hypothesized that neuro-ophthalmic features routinely used in evaluations for IIH can be useful in the investigation of a causal relationship between IIH and sCSF leak.

A Feasibility Study on a Portable Vision Device for Patients with Stroke and Brain Tumours.

This prospective, single-centre cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of a portable vision reading device, OrCam Read, on vision-related quality-of-life and independent functional status in patients with low vision due to stroke or brain tumours. Six patients with poor visual acuity or visual field defects due to a stroke or a brain tumour were enrolled at a U.S.

Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Diversity in United States Ophthalmology Clinical Trials.

Purpose: To investigate the representation of various gender, racial, and ethnic groups in ophthalmology clinical trials conducted in the United States (US) between 1997 and 2022.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Participants: We included all participants in completed phase II/III, III, and IV ophthalmology clinical trials reported on the ClincialTrials.

Combined central retinal artery and medial posterior ciliary artery occlusion: Localizing the lesion.

Purpose: To report a rare case of a combined central retinal artery (CRA) and medial posterior ciliary artery (MPCA) occlusion due to an atherosclerotic lesion in the common trunk supplying both arteries.

Observations: A 75-year-old man presented with acute vision loss associated with elevated intraocular pressure in the right eye. Multi-modal imaging revealed a combined retinal and choroidal infarction in the distribution of the CRA and MPCA, localizing the lesion to the common trunk of the ophthalmic artery supplying both the CRA and MPCA.

Application of Machine Learning to Metabolomic Profile Characterization in Glioblastoma Patients Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiation.

We here characterize changes in metabolite patterns in glioblastoma patients undergoing surgery and concurrent chemoradiation using machine learning (ML) algorithms to characterize metabolic changes during different stages of the treatment protocol. We examined 105 plasma specimens (before surgery, 2 days after surgical resection, before starting concurrent chemoradiation, and immediately after chemoradiation) from 36 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype glioblastoma. Untargeted GC-TOF mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was used given its superiority in identifying and quantitating small metabolites; this yielded 157 structurally identified metabolites.

Ways to Improve Workflow and Morale in an Ophthalmology Clinic: Survey Advice from Clinic Staff.

Objective: We aim to improve job workflow and satisfaction amongst clinic staff at an academic ophthalmology department.

Methods: We analyzed survey data given over a 2-week period in July 2021. The participants were support staff (N = 18) from an academic ophthalmology department.

The basic science of optic nerve regeneration.

Diverse insults to the optic nerve result in partial to total vision loss as the axons of retinal ganglion cells are destroyed. In glaucoma, axons are injured at the optic nerve head; in other optic neuropathies, axons can be damaged along the entire visual pathway. In all cases, as mammals cannot regenerate injured central nervous system cells, once the axons are lost, vision loss is irreversible.

Telemedicine for neuro-ophthalmology: challenges and opportunities.

Purpose Of Review: Telemedicine for neuro-ophthalmology (tele-neuro-ophthalmology) has the potential to increase access to neuro-ophthalmic care by improving efficiency and decreasing the need for long-distance travel for patients. Requirements for decreased person-to-person contacts during the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated adoption of tele-neuro-ophthalmology. This review highlights the challenges and opportunities with tele-neuro-ophthalmology.

Aggressive FUS-Mutant Motor Neuron Disease Without Profound Spinal Cord Pathology.

A 29-year-old man presented with rapidly progressive severe neck weakness, asymmetrical bilateral upper extremity weakness, bulbar dysfunction, profound muscle wasting, and weight loss. Within 1 year, his speech became unintelligible, he became gastrostomy- and tracheostomy/ventilator-dependent, and wheelchair bound. Electrophysiology suggested motor neuron disease.