T- and pH-Dependent Hydroxyl-Radical Reaction Kinetics of Lactic Acid, Glyceric Acid, and Methylmalonic Acid in the Aqueous Phase.

Carboxylic acids are a common class of compounds found in atmospheric aerosols and cloud droplets. In this study, the oxidation kinetics of several carboxylic acids in the aqueous phase by the atmospherically relevant OH radical were investigated to better understand the loss processes for this class of compounds. The rate constants for the reactions of the OH radical were determined using the thiocyanate competition kinetics method for lactic acid, glyceric acid, and methylmalonic acid as a function of temperature and pH.

Triptolide induced spermatogenesis dysfunction via ferroptosis activation by promoting K63-linked GPX4 polyubiquitination in spermatocytes.

Triptolide (TP) is a major bioactive compound derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TwHF) known for its medicinal properties, but it also exhibits potential toxic effects.

In Situ-Initiated Poly-1,3-dioxolane Gel Electrolyte for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries.

To realize high-energy-density Li metal batteries at low temperatures, a new electrolyte is needed to solve the high-voltage compatibility and fast lithium-ion de-solvation process. A gel polymer electrolyte with a small-molecular-weight polymer is widely investigated by combining the merits of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) and liquid electrolyte (LE). Herein, we present a new gel polymer electrolyte (P-DOL) by the lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB)-initiated polymerization process using 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) as a monomer solvent.

A neural circuit for regulating a behavioral switch in response to prolonged uncontrollability in mice.

Persistence in the face of failure helps to overcome challenges. But the ability to adjust behavior or even give up when the task is uncontrollable has advantages. How the mammalian brain switches behavior when facing uncontrollability remains an open question.

Cortical feedback modulates distinct critical period development in mouse visual thalamus.

In primary visual cortex (V1), critical period for ocular dominance (OD) plasticity is a well-defined developmental stage to shape neuronal circuits based on visual experience. Recent studies showed that V1-like OD plasticity existed in mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). It is still unclear what the exact time window is and how neural circuits contribute to OD plasticity in dLGN.

T- and pH-dependent OH radical reaction kinetics with glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine in the aqueous phase.

Glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine are essential amino acids originating from biological activities. These substances can be emitted into the atmosphere directly. In the present study, the aqueous phase reaction kinetics of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) with the four amino acids is investigated using the competition kinetics method under controlled temperature and pH conditions.

A knowledge graph-based method for epidemic contact tracing in public transportation.

Contact tracing is an effective measure by which to prevent further infections in public transportation systems. Considering the large number of people infected during the COVID-19 pandemic, digital contact tracing is expected to be quicker and more effective than traditional manual contact tracing, which is slow and labor-intensive. In this study, we introduce a knowledge graph-based framework for fusing multi-source data from public transportation systems to construct contact networks, design algorithms to model epidemic spread, and verify the validity of an effective digital contact tracing method.