Conservative treatment for traumatic atlantoaxial joint infra-anterior dislocation complicating odontoid fracture in young children: A case series.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively analyze children treated conservatively in our hospital to explore the clinical characteristics of children with traumatic atlantoaxial joint infra-anterior dislocation complicating odontoid fracture and the therapeutic effects of treatment.

Methods: Patients with atlantoaxial joint infra-anterior dislocation complicating odontoid fracture received conservative treatment, which comprised three steps: cervical traction (2 weeks), plaster fixation (2 months), and brace fixation (3 months).

Results: We treated three patients (boy:girl = 0:3, mean age = 2.

Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Evaluation of Novel Cuminic Acid Derivatives as Potential Laccase Inhibitors.

In search of novel natural product-based fungicides, 49 cuminic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and screened for their in vitro antifungal effects toward seven phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. Consequently, several derivatives exhibited strong antifungal activities toward , , and . Among them, compound exhibited the most potent antifungal activity toward (EC = 0.

Clinicopathological and imaging differences between pediatric and adult patients with anti-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase necrotizing myopathy.

We aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological and imaging differences between pediatric and adult patients with anti-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) myopathy. A series of 111 patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy were divided into pediatric (33 patients, onset age < 18 years) and adult (78 patients, onset age ≥ 18 years) groups. Clinical, imaging, and pathological characteristics were compared between the groups.

Use of Artificial Intelligence in Cobb Angle Measurement for Scoliosis: Retrospective Reliability and Accuracy Study of a Mobile App.

Background: Scoliosis is a spinal deformity in which one or more spinal segments bend to the side or show vertebral rotation. Some artificial intelligence (AI) apps have already been developed for measuring the Cobb angle in patients with scoliosis. These apps still require doctors to perform certain measurements, which can lead to interobserver variability.

Elevated serum circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: The substantial role of inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is gaining support from recent research. Studies indicate that circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) can activate the immune system and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This research was designed to quantify ccf-mtDNA levels in the serum of ALS patients.

Evaluation of the efficacy of posterior hemivertebrectomy combined with two or more segments fusion.

Background: Although early hemivertebra (HV) resection and short fusion (within 4 segments) have been successful in treating congenital HV, there is limited research comparing the outcomes of the shortest-segment fusion (2 segments) versus 3 or 4 segments, particularly in young children. To evaluate the efficacy of posterior hemivertebrectomy combined with two or more segments fusion in children under the age of 10 years with a solitary simple lower thoracic or lumbar HV (T8-L5).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients under the age of 10 with lower thoracic or lumbar solitary simple HV who underwent hemivertebra resection (HVR) and transpedicular short fusion and were divided into HV ± 1 group (2 segment fusion) and HV ± 2 group (3 or 4-segment fusion).

Circulating Cell-Free DNA Promotes Inflammation in Patients with Dermatomyositis with Anti-NXP2 Antibodies via the cGAS/STING Pathway.

Objectives: Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare type I interferon (IFN-I)-driven autoimmune disease, and anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP2) antibody is related to severe muscle disease and poor prognosis. Circulating cell-free DNA (ccf-DNA), including ccf-mitochondrial DNA and ccf-nuclear DNA, activates cGAS/STING pathway to induce IFN-I production in autoimmune diseases. We investigated whether serum-derived ccf-DNA played a pathogenic role on skeletal muscle in anti-NXP2 antibody-positive DM.

Gamma-type immunoglobulin enhances phagocytosis of amyloid-beta fibrils by microglia.

The peripheral immune system has emerged as a regulator of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain that may orchestrate communication between the central nervous system and peripheral immune system, though the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that gamma-type immunoglobulin, a product originating from peripheral blood B cells, localized in the brain parenchyma of multiple mouse models with amyloid pathology, and was enriched on microglia but not on other brain cell types.

Ninein domains required for its localization, association with partners dynein and ensconsin, and microtubule organization.

Ninein (Nin) is a microtubule (MT) anchor at the subdistal appendages of mother centrioles and the pericentriolar material (PCM) of centrosomes that also functions to organize MTs at noncentrosomal MT-organizing centers (ncMTOCs). In humans, the gene is mutated in Seckel syndrome, an inherited developmental disorder. Here, we dissect the protein domains involved in Nin's localization and interactions with dynein and ensconsin (ens/MAP7) and show that the association with ens cooperatively regulates MT assembly in fat body cells.

A distinct isoform of Msp300 (nesprin) organizes the perinuclear microtubule organizing center in adipocytes.

In many cell types, disparate non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (ncMTOCs) replace functional centrosomes and serve the unique needs of the cell types in which they are formed. In Drosophila fat body cells (adipocytes), an ncMTOC is organized on the nuclear surface. This perinuclear ncMTOC is anchored by Msp300, encoded by one of two nesprin-encoding genes in Drosophila.

Spexin ameliorated obesity-related metabolic disorders through promoting white adipose browning mediated by JAK2-STAT3 pathway.

Background: Spexin, a 14 amino acid peptide, has been reported to regulate obesity and its associated complications. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of spexin on obesity and explore the detailed molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro.

COVID-19 in patients with myasthenia gravis: a single-center retrospective study in China.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a great concern since 2019. Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) may be at higher risk of COVID-19 and a more severe disease course. We examined the associations between COVID-19 and MG.

Design, synthesis, antifungal evaluation and mechanism study of novel norbornene derivatives as potential laccase inhibitors.

Background: To discover novel fungicide candidates, five series of novel norbornene hydrazide, bishydrazide, oxadiazole, carboxamide and acylthiourea derivatives (2a-2t, 3a-3f, 4a-4f, 5a-5f and 7a-7f) were designed, synthesized and assayed for their antifungal activity toward seven representative plant fungal pathogens.

Results: In the in vitro antifungal assay, some title norbornene derivatives presented good antifungal activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium graminearum. Especially, compound 2b exhibited the best inhibitory activity toward B.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Norbornene Carboxamide/sulfonamide Derivatives as Potential Fungicides Targeting Laccase.

To explore more potential fungicides with new scaffolds, thirty-seven norbornene carboxamide/sulfonamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and assayed for inhibitory activity against six plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The preliminary antifungal assay suggested that the title derivatives showed moderate to good antifungal activity against six plant pathogens. Especially, compound 6 e presented excellent in vitro antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (EC=0.

Pathological findings with vacuoles in anti-mitochondrial antibody-positive inflammatory myopathy.

Background: A few patients with inflammatory myopathy showed anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) positivity. This study aimed to report the clinical and pathological findings with vacuoles in 3 cases of such patients.

Methods: Three cases with myositis from the Myositis Clinical Database of Peking University First Hospital were identified with AMA positivity.

Homozygous missense variants in YKT6 result in loss of function and are associated with developmental delay, with or without severe infantile liver disease and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: YKT6 plays important roles in multiple intracellular vesicle trafficking events but has not been associated with Mendelian diseases.

Methods: We report 3 unrelated individuals with rare homozygous missense variants in YKT6 who exhibited neurological disease with or without a progressive infantile liver disease. We modeled the variants in Drosophila.

A novel dual-responsive colorimetric/fluorescent probe for the detection of NH and ClO and its application in environmental analysis and bioimaging.

Hydrazine (NH) and hypochlorite (ClO) are both reactive chemical substances extensively utilized across various industrial domains. Excessive hydrazine (NH) and hypochlorite (ClO) can pose significant risks to the environment, ecosystems, and human health. In order to assess and control the environmental hazard caused by NH and ClO, there is an imperative need for efficient methods capable of rapid and precise detection of these contaminants.

Ubiquitin ligase MDM2 mediates endothelial inflammation in Kawasaki disease vasculitis development.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) often complicates coronary artery lesions (CALs). Despite the established significance of STAT3 signaling during the acute phase of KD and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling being closely related to CALs, it remains unknown whether and how STAT3 was regulated by ubiquitination during KD pathogenesis.

Methods: Bioinformatics and immunoprecipitation assays were conducted, and an E3 ligase, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) was identified as the ubiquitin ligase of STAT3.