Spatially Isomeric Fulleropyrrolidines Enable Controlled Stacking of Perovskite Colloids for High-Performance Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

The advancement of tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) has been severely hindered by the poor controllability of perovskite crystal growth and the energy level mismatch between the perovskite and fullerene-based electron transport layer (ETL). Here, we synthesized three cis-configured pyridyl-substituted fulleropyrrolidines (PPF), specifically 2-pyridyl (PPF2), 3-pyridyl (PPF3), and 4-pyridyl (PPF4), and utilized them as precursor additives to regulate the crystallization kinetics during film formation. The spatial distance between the two pyridine groups in PPF2, PPF3, and PPF4 increases sequentially, enabling PPF4 to interact with more perovskite colloidal particles.

Multidentate Fullerenes Enable Tunable and Robust Interfacial Bonding for Efficient Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

Improving the efficiency of tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) is significantly hindered by energy level mismatch and weak interactions at the interface between the tin-based perovskite and fullerene-based electron transport layers (ETLs). In this study, four well-defined multidentate fullerene molecules with 3, 4, 5, and 6 diethylmalonate groups, labeled as FM3, FM4, FM5, and FM6 are synthesized, and employed as interfacial layers in TPSCs. It is observed that increasing the number of functional groups in these fullerenes leads to shallower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and enhance interfacial chemical interactions.

Challenges and advances in the management of inflammation in atherosclerosis.

Introduction: Atherosclerosis, traditionally considered a lipid-related disease, is now understood as a chronic inflammatory condition with significant global health implications.

Objectives: This review aims to delve into the complex interactions among immune cells, cytokines, and the inflammatory cascade in atherosclerosis, shedding light on how these elements influence both the initiation and progression of the disease.

Methods: This review draws on recent clinical research to elucidate the roles of key immune cells, macrophages, T cells, endothelial cells, and clonal hematopoiesis in atherosclerosis development.

Sustained silence of a small signet ring cell carcinoma.

A 47-year-old man developed recurrent bloating. First gastroscopy showed there was a fading lesion about 0.5cm in size near the anterior wall of the large curve of the junction of the gastric antrum and the edge was red, and the biopsy pathology showed signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC).

Modelling porcine NAFLD by deletion of leptin and defining the role of AMPK in hepatic fibrosis.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic hepatic disease and results in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which progresses to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Although the Leptin deficient rodent models are widely used in study of metabolic syndrome and obesity, they fail to develop liver injuries as in patients.

Methods: Due to the high similarity with humans, we generated Leptin-deficient (Leptin) pigs to investigate the mechanisms and clinical trials of obesity and NAFLD caused by Leptin.

Endoscopic observation of a rare duodenal tumor.

A 30-year-old young previously healthy man presented to our hospital with middle and upper abdominal discomfort. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) showed no significant abnormalities. White light endoscopy showed the local mucosa in the descending part of the duodenum had granuloid uplift, some of which were fused into pieces with red color, and some other areas showed fading tone.

PKD1 deficiency induces Bronchiectasis in a porcine ADPKD model.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a prevalent genetic disorder, mainly characterized by the development of renal cysts, as well as various extrarenal manifestations. Previous studies have shown that ADPKD is related to bronchiectasis, while its pathogenic mechanism is unclear. In previous studies, we have generated the PKD1 pigs to simulate the progression of cyst formation and physiological alterations similar to those seen in ADPKD patients.

High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervical esophagus arising from a tiny ectopic gastric mucosa.

A 77-year-old male underwent gastroscopy in our institution. Conventional endoscopic examination revealed two ectopic gastric mucosas (EGMs) located about 17cm from the incisors. One of the EGMs was about 0.

Activation of PI3K/p110α in the Lung Mesenchyme Affects Branching Morphogenesis and Club Cell Differentiation.

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction is required for normal growth, morphogenetic patterning, and cellular differentiation in developing lungs. Various signaling pathways have been defined in establishing the patterning of this branched organ. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling plays an important role in disease pathogenesis but remains largely uncharacterized in embryonic development.

TMEM116 is required for lung cancer cell motility and metastasis through PDK1 signaling pathway.

Transmembrane protein (TMEM) is a family of protein that spans cytoplasmic membranes and allows cell-cell and cell-environment communication. Dysregulation of TMEMs has been observed in multiple cancers. However, little is known about TMEM116 in cancer development.

The effects of intrinsic apoptosis on cystogenesis in PKD1-deficient ADPKD pig model.

Background: Apoptosis is a form of cell death that plays a critical role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis involving the development and elimination of unwanted cells. Dysregulation of apoptosis appears to be associated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common monogenetic disease and is mainly caused by mutations in PKD1.

The role of pulmonary mesenchymal cells in airway epithelium regeneration during injury repair.

Background: The airways of mammalian lung are lined with highly specialized cell types that are the target of airborne toxicants and injury. Several epithelial cell types and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been identified to serve as stem cells during injury repair. However, the contributions of endogenous mesenchymal cells to recruitment, expansion or differentiation of stem cells, and repair and reestablishment of the normal composition of airway epithelium following injury have not been addressed.

Generation of Pigs Resistant to Highly Pathogenic-Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus through Gene Editing of .

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease and the most economically important disease of the swine industry worldwide. Highly pathogenic-PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV) is a variant of PRRSV, which caused high morbidity and mortality. Scavenger receptor CD163, which contains nine scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, is a key entry mediator for PRRSV.

Leptin mediates the effects of melatonin on female reproduction in mammals.

Melatonin is a natural molecule produced in the pineal gland and other tissues. It participates in numerous biological activities including the regulation of reproduction. However, the mechanism by which melatonin affects mammalian female reproductive performance is not fully investigated.

transgenic sheep generated via OPS vitrified-microinjected pronuclear embryos and reproduction efficiency of the transgenic offspring.

Background: The open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification method has been successfully applied in mouse, pig, and goat embryos as well as in buffalo oocytes, but it has not yet been applied to the microinjected embryos. This study examined the effects of OPS vitrification on embryo development and the reproductive capacity of the transgenic offspring in order to establish a method for preservation of microinjected embryos.

Methods: Ovine pronuclear embryos were microinjected with the exogenous aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene (), frozen by the OPS method, and subsequently thawed for embryo transplantation.

An Alternative Method for Long-Term Culture of Chicken Embryonic Stem Cell .

Chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs) obtained from stage X embryos provide a novel model for the study of avian embryonic development. A new way to maintain cESCs for a long period still remains unexplored. We found that the cESCs showed stem cell-like properties for a long term with the support of DF-1 feeder and basic culture medium supplemented with human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF), mouse stem cell factor (mSCF), and human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF).

Screen and Verification for Transgene Integration Sites in Pigs.

Efficient transgene expression in recipient cells constitutes the primary step in gene therapy. However, random integration in host genome comprises too many uncertainties. Our study presents a strategy combining bioinformatics and functional verification to find transgene integration sites in pig genome.

PTEN regulates lung endodermal morphogenesis through MEK/ERK pathway.

Pten is a multifunctional tumor suppressor. Deletions and mutations in the Pten gene have been associated with multiple forms of human cancers. Pten is a central regulator of several signaling pathways that influences multiple cellular functions.

Lysine-doped polypyrrole/spider silk protein/poly(l-lactic) acid containing nerve growth factor composite fibers for neural application.

Lysine-doped polypyrrole (PPy)/regenerated spider silk protein (RSSP)/poly(l-lactic) acid (PLLA)/nerve growth factor (NGF) (L-PRPN) composite scaffold was fabricated by co-axial electrospraying and electrospinning. This L-PRPN composite scaffold had a structure of microfibers with a core-shell structure as the stems and nanofibers as branches. Assessment in vitro demonstrated that the L-PRPN composite micro/nano-fibrous scaffold could maintain integrated structure for at least 4months and the pH value of PBS at about 7.

Progenitors of secondary crest myofibroblasts are developmentally committed in early lung mesoderm.

Development of the mammalian lung is predicated on cross-communications between two highly interactive tissues, the endodermally derived epithelium and the mesodermally derived pulmonary mesenchyme. While much attention has been paid for the lung epithelium, the pulmonary mesenchyme, partly due to lack of specific tractable markers remains under-investigated. The lung mesenchyme is derived from the lateral plate mesoderm and is the principal recipient of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, a morphogenetic network that regulates multiple aspects of embryonic development.