Artificial-Weld-Crack Detection Network, YOLOv6-NW, Based on Target Recognition Technology.

Aiming at the problems of scarce datasets and the low identification accuracy faced in the field of weld-crack detection, this paper proposes an artificial-weld-crack preparation method based on the doping of dissimilar metal particles to augment the number of samples of weld-crack defects. Meanwhile, data augmentation methods such as random cropping, scaling and Mosaic are combined to further enhance the richness of the samples, so as to provide strong data support for the proposed weld-crack-defect detection model. Given the limitations of storage and computational resources in industrial application scenarios, this paper designs the lightweight detection network YOLOv6-NW.

Establishment and Application of an Elastic-Plastic Damage Constitutive Model for Ceramic Fiber Insulation Tiles.

A thermal protection system is critical for ensuring the safe take-off and return of various aircraft. A key heat-resistant material within this system is the ceramic fiber insulation tile (CFIT), which is a porous three-dimensional network material with density ranges from 0.3 to 0.

Quercetin Alleviates Hyperglycemic-Generated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Contacted Apoptosis of Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cells.

Background: Previous research has shown that apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells contributes to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) progression. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a reaction to diverse stimuli in eukaryotes and is tightly contacted with apoptosis. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, exerts protective effects against degenerative diseases via ER stress.

Enhanced density separation efficiency of microplastics in presence of nonionic surfactants.

Microplastics (MPs) recycling, a promising approach to tackle its pollution, faces significant challenges due to the lack of effective separation methods. Herein, the optimized density separation accompanied with nonionic surfactants was employed to purify single MPs species from mixed systems. By adjusting the flotation fluid density, the single MPs can be separated from their mixtures in equal proportions (e.

Left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Reward Expectancy and Mania Risk.

Importance: Mania/hypomania is the pathognomonic feature of bipolar disorder (BD). As BD is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD), replicable neural markers of mania/hypomania risk are needed for earlier BD diagnosis and pathophysiological treatment development.

Objective: To replicate the previously reported positive association between left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) activity during reward expectancy (RE) and mania/hypomania risk, to explore the effect of MDD history on this association, and to compare RE-related left vlPFC activity in individuals with and at risk of BD.

Superhydrophilic PVDF membrane fabricated on modified TiO/CS-SDAEM nanoparticles deposited on GA/CNTs hydrophilic layer to achieve self-cleaning photodegradation and low contamination rate for dyestuff separation.

In this work CS-SDAEM polymer brushes with long-chain structure were synthesized, and TiO/CS-SDAEM nanoparticles were prepared by modifying them on the TiO surface. The prepared modified membrane can effectively degrade dyes through photocatalysis and can reduce the contamination rate of the membrane during use. The separation membrane achieves efficient removal of contamination by self-cleaning.

Increased α-synuclein phosphorylation and oligomerization and altered enzymes in plasma of patients with Parkinson's disease.

The brain of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) was characterized by increased phosphorylation and oligomerization of α-synuclein (α-syn) and altered activity of enzymes regulating α-syn phosphorylation and oligomerization. Whether increased α-syn phosphorylation and oligomerization as well as related enzyme changes can be detected in the plasma of PD patients remains unclear. Here, we showed that human α-syn proteins incubated in PD plasma formed more oligomerized α-syn (O-α-syn) and phosphorylated α-syn (pS-α-syn) than those in healthy control (HC) plasma.

The accumulation, elimination characteristics, and toxic effects of intertidal sediment crude oil contamination in Sinonvacula constricta.

Marine oil spills lead to intertidal sediment pollution, causing benthic bioaccumulation and toxicity. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the effects of crude oil sediment pollution on benthos. In this study, Sinonovacula constricta was used as the research object in a sediment environment to study the accumulation and elimination effects of S.

Cardiac fibroblast-specific expression of IL-37 confers the protective effects on fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy mice by regulating SOCS3-STAT3 axis.

Background: Human interleukin (IL)-37 is a constituent of the IL-1 family with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive attributes. It has been demonstrated extensive beneficial effects on various diseases; however, its role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear.

Methods: , DCM mouse model was established with streptozotocin injection and a high-fat diet in WT and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) specific hIL-37b overexpression mice (IL-37-Tg).

CNN-Based Cross-Modality Fusion for Enhanced Breast Cancer Detection Using Mammography and Ultrasound.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women in Taiwan and globally. Non-invasive imaging methods, such as mammography and ultrasound, are critical for early detection, yet standalone modalities have limitations in regard to their diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to enhance breast cancer detection through a cross-modality fusion approach combining mammography and ultrasound imaging, using advanced convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures.

Paddy-upland rotation combined with manure application: An optimal strategy for enhancing soil multifunctionality.

Promoting soil multifunctionality is pivotal for maintaining agricultural productivity and sustainable agriculture, especially with the increasing global population and food demand. The effectiveness of different agricultural practices in enhancing soil multifunctionality and how the combination can maximize soil multifunctionality remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the different impacts of rotation (paddy-upland rotation and dryland rotation) combined with fertilization (chemical fertilizer and manure) on soil multifunctionality, microbial community structure, and microbial networks.

Beneficial microorganisms: Regulating growth and defense for plant welfare.

Beneficial microorganisms (BMs) promote plant growth and enhance stress resistance. This review summarizes how BMs induce growth promotion by improving nutrient uptake, producing growth-promoting hormones and stimulating root development. How BMs enhance disease resistance and help protect plants from abiotic stresses has also been explored.

Identification of WRKY transcription factors in Ipomoea pes-caprae and functional role of IpWRKY16 in sweet potato salt stress response.

Background: WRKY transcription factors are plant-specific and play essential roles in growth, development, and stress responses, including reactions to salt, drought, and cold. Despite their significance, the WRKY genes in the wild sweet potato ancestor, Ipomoea pes-caprae, remain unexplored.

Results: In this study, 65 WRKY genes were identified in the I.

Lanthanide binding peptide surfactants at air-aqueous interfaces for interfacial separation of rare earth elements.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical materials to modern technologies. They are obtained by selective separation from mining feedstocks consisting of mixtures of their trivalent cation. We are developing an all-aqueous, bioinspired, interfacial separation using peptides as amphiphilic molecular extractants.

Reduced-dose deep learning iterative reconstruction for abdominal computed tomography with low tube voltage and tube current.

Background: The low tube-voltage technique (e.g., 80 kV) can efficiently reduce the radiation dose and increase the contrast enhancement of vascular and parenchymal structures in abdominal CT.

Injectable Self-Healing and Anti-Dissolving Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrogels Enabled by Ionic Cross-Linking for Cell Encapsulation.

Injectable behavior is often observed in polymer-based hydrogels yet is rarely achieved in low-molecular-weight hydrogels (LMWHs), the realization of which may boost the development of new soft materials for biomedical applications. Here, we report on injectable self-healing and antidissolving LMWHs that are formed through a simple ionic cross-linking strategy, showing a fundamental application for the encapsulation of living cells. The LMWHs are formed by simply mixing Ca with negatively charged supramolecular polymers.

Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell: A promising therapeutic target in tumor microenvironment.

Regulatory T cell (Tregs) predominantly maintain the immune balance and prevent autoimmunity via their immunosuppressive functions. However, tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) may mediate tumor immune tolerance in complex tumor microenvironments, resulting in poor prognosis. Distinguishing specific TI-Treg subpopulations from peripheral Tregs and intratumoral conventional T cells (Tconvs) has recently emerged as an important topic in antitumor therapy.

CTSG restraines the proliferation and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by blocking the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is recognized as the sixth most prevalent cancer globally, with around 900,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The management of HNSC poses significant challenges due to its rising incidence and suboptimal treatment outcomes in many patients. Thus, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive the onset and advancement of HNSC is crucial in order to steer the creation of novel treatment strategies.

A comparative exploration of mRNA capping enzymes.

With the wide application of messenger RNA (mRNA) technology in medicine and vaccine fields, higher requirements are put forward for mRNA expression efficiency . Since the 5' cap structure can spatially protect mRNA from exonuclease degradation and enhance the initiation of translation reactions, mRNA caps are a promising option to improve the efficiency of mRNA expression . In order to obtain more efficient mRNA capping enzymes, seven mRNA capping enzymes from different viral sources were explored in this study.

Biosynthesis of sakuranetin regulated by OsMPK6-OsWRKY67-OsNOMT cascade enhances resistance to false smut disease.

Rice false smut disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens, significantly restricts both the production and quality of rice grains. However, the molecular mechanism underlying rice resistance against U. virens remain largely elusive.

Body Roundness Index Trajectories and the Risk of Cancer: A Cohort Study.

Background: The body rounds index (BRI), an innovative obesity indicator integrating waist circumference (WC) and height, offers a two-dimensional assessment of obesity. The relationship between BRI trajectories and cancer has been overlooked in previous studies. This study aims to explore the association between BRI trajectories and the incidence of cancer.