Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Nursing Home Residents', Families', and Staff's Perceptions of Bioethical Principles: A Qualitative Study.

In this study, we employed a pre-interview survey and conducted interviews with nursing home staff members and residents/family members to understand their perceptions of whether the COVID-19 restrictions fulfilled obligations to nursing home residents under various principles, including autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and privacy. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with staff members from 14 facilities, and 20 with residents and/or family members from 13 facilities. We used a qualitative descriptive study design and thematic analysis methodology to analyze the interviews.

Cell pellet from fixative medium of transbronchial lung biopsy sample improves lung cancer ancillary test.

Objectives: Lung cancer tissue obtained using small biopsies are relatively fragile, leaving behind some tiny tissue fragments or cell clusters in the fixative medium that are difficult to collect for processing as a paraffin-embedded tissue block. Usually, the cellular component of the residual fixative medium is discarded as medical waste as per routine laboratory protocol. No protocol exists for utilizing the cellular component of the residual fixative medium after processing the tissue blocks to improve lung cancer ancillary testing.

Classification of cervical biopsy free-text diagnoses through linear-classifier based natural language processing.

Routine cervical cancer screening has significantly decreased the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. As selection of proper screening modalities depends on well-validated clinical decision algorithms, retrospective review correlating cytology and HPV test results with cervical biopsy diagnosis is essential for validating and revising these algorithms to changing technologies, demographics, and optimal clinical practices. However, manual categorization of the free-text biopsy diagnosis into discrete categories is extremely laborious due to the overwhelming number of specimens, which may lead to significant error and bias.

Assessment of State and Federal Health Policies for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.

Importance: Federal and state governments implemented temporary strategies for providing access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Advocates hope many of these policies become permanent because of their potential to expand access to care.

Objective: To consider the multitude of ways access to and utilization of treatment for individuals with OUD might have been expanded by state and federal policy so researchers can do a better job evaluating the effectiveness of specific policy approaches, which will depend on the interaction with other state policies.

Age-specific 3-year cumulative risk of cervical cancer and high-grade dysplasia on biopsy in 9434 women who underwent HPV cytology cotesting.

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-Papanicolaou (Pap) cotesting is recommended for cervical cancer screening in women aged ≥30 years. The current study analyzed the effectiveness of cotesting on risk management in different age groups.

Methods: A retrospective review of a 5-year cytology database identified 9434 women with HPV-Pap cotesting and follow-up cervical biopsy.

Micropapillary adenocarcinoma of lung: Morphological criteria and diagnostic reproducibility among pulmonary pathologists.

Context: Invasive micropapillary adenocarcinoma (MPC) is an aggressive variant of lung adenocarcinoma, frequently manifesting with advanced stage lymph node metastasis and decreased survival.

Objective: Identification of this morphology is important, as it is strongly correlated with poor prognosis regardless of the amount of MPC component. To date, no study has investigated the morphological criteria used to objectively diagnose it.

HPV status in women with high-grade dysplasia on cervical biopsy and preceding negative HPV tests.

Introduction: A considerable number of patients with high-grade cervical lesions have undergone preceding human papillomavirus (HPV) tests with negative results. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the factors potentially contributing to the findings by testing biopsied samples from these patients.

Materials And Methods: Of the 1654 women with HPV testing and follow-up cervicovaginal biopsies from March 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014, 21 of 252 women (8.

Role of HPV genotyping in risk assessment among cytology diagnosis categories: analysis of 4562 cases with cytology-HPV cotesting and follow-up biopsies.

Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) detection and genotyping are increasingly used in clinical risk assessment. We aimed to analyze HPV genotyping performance in risk stratification among cytology diagnosis categories.

Methods: Between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016, 4562 cases with cytology-HPV co-testing and biopsy follow-up were identified.

Computational Speedups Using Small Quantum Devices.

Suppose we have a small quantum computer with only M qubits. Can such a device genuinely speed up certain algorithms, even when the problem size is much larger than M? Here we answer this question to the affirmative. We present a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to solve 3-satisfiability problems involving n≫M variables that significantly speeds up its fully classical counterpart.

Aptima Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA Test Results Strongly Associated With Risk for High-Grade Cervical Lesions in Follow-Up Biopsies.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) tests and genotyping (GT) have been used in clinical risk assessment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of 2 common HPV testing platforms in risk evaluation for high-grade cervical lesions.

Materials And Methods: Between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016, a total of 4,562 Pap tests with follow-up biopsies in our laboratory database were analyzed along with HPV tests performed on Cobas (CHPV, n = 3,959) or Aptima (AHPV, n = 603) platforms.

Performance of Roche cobas high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing in the two most common liquid-based Papanicolaou test platforms.

Introduction: High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing is important in cervical cancer screening and management algorithms. Roche (Pleasanton, Calif.) cobas hrHPV testing is commonly performed on both ThinPrep (TP) and SurePath (SP) samples, but performance of these platforms has not been fully investigated in the literature.

Negative Pap tests in women with high-grade cervical lesions on follow-up biopsies: Contributing factors and role of human papillomavirus genotyping.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that negative Papanicolaou (Pap) tests can precede high-grade cervical lesions (HGCL) on biopsy. This study aims to determine the contributing factors for cytologic discrepancy and the potential role of human papilloma virus (HPV) testing in risk evaluation of women with negative Pap tests.

Methods: Of 42,797 Pap tests interpreted as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) from March 1, 2013 to December 30, 2014, 426 had available HPV testing and follow-up biopsy.

Do Infection Patterns of Human Papillomavirus Affect the Cytologic Detection of High-Grade Cervical Lesions on Papanicolaou Tests?

Context: - Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the major cause of cervical cancer. The effect of HPV infection patterns on cytologic detection of cervical lesions is unknown.

Objective: - To determine the effect of HPV infection patterns on the sensitivity of cytologic detection of high-grade cervical lesions.

Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) Expression in Either Tumor Cells or Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Correlates With Solid and High-Grade Lung Adenocarcinomas.

Context: - Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is heterogeneous and known to be underestimated on small biopsies. Correlation of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathologic features may provide additional useful information. To our knowledge, the clinicopathologic features of NSCLC have not been reported for subsets defined by PD-L1 expression in either tumor cells or tumor-infiltrating immune cells.

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society.

Context: - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a lung disease that develops in susceptible individuals after inhalational exposure to an organic antigen or chemical compound. Pathogenesis is attributed to a combination of type III (immune complex-mediated) and type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reactions to the inciting agent.

Objective: - To provide an overview of the current status of the medical literature regarding hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Performance of Aptima and Cobas HPV testing platforms in detecting high-grade cervical dysplasia and cancer.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) tests and genotyping have been used in clinical risk assessment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of 2 common HPV testing platforms in detecting high-grade cervical lesions (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL] or worse [≥HSIL]).

Methods: Between January 1 and December 31, 2015, 2041 Papanicolaou (Pap) tests with biopsy confirmation were analyzed along with HPV tests performed on Cobas or Aptima platforms.

Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection and Antibody-Mediated Rejection on Lung Transplant Biopsies: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society.

Context: - The diagnosis and grading of acute cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in lung allograft biopsies is important because rejection can lead to acute graft dysfunction and/or failure and may contribute to chronic graft failure. While acute cellular rejection is well defined histologically, no reproducible specific features of AMR are currently identified. Therefore, a combination of clinical features, serology, histopathology, and immunologic findings is suggested for the diagnosis of AMR.

Management of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule.

Context: - Optimal management of the patient with a solitary pulmonary nodule entails early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for patients with malignant tumors, and minimization of unnecessary interventions and procedures for those with ultimately benign nodules. With the growing number of high-resolution imaging modalities and studies available, incidentally found solitary pulmonary nodules are an increasingly common occurrence.

Objective: - To provide guidance to clinicians involved in the management of patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule, including aspects of risk stratification, workup, diagnosis, and management.

Impact of Recent Developments in Lung Cancer on the Practice of Pathology.

Landmark events in the field of lung cancer in the past year have the potential to significantly alter the practice of pathology. Three key events are (1) approval of payment for low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer, (2) publication of an extensively revised World Health Organization classification of lung cancers, and (3) approval of immunohistochemistry based companion diagnostics by the US Food and Drug Administration. We briefly review these milestones in the context of their impact on the practice of pathology.

Rapid Adiabatic Preparation of Injective Projected Entangled Pair States and Gibbs States.

We propose a quantum algorithm for many-body state preparation. It is especially suited for injective projected entangled pair states and thermal states of local commuting Hamiltonians on a lattice. We show that for a uniform gap and sufficiently smooth paths, an adiabatic runtime and circuit depth of O(polylogN) can be achieved for O(N) spins.

Clinical performance of the Food and Drug Administration-Approved high-risk HPV test for the detection of high-grade cervicovaginal lesions.

Background: In recent years, high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing for triaging atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and cotesting with cytology have been implemented in clinical practice. However, clinical data for primary screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing alone are currently lacking.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the correlation of cytology, histology, and hrHPV testing through the use of a cytology laboratory quality assurance database with 130,648 Papanicolaou (Pap) tests interpreted at Houston BioReference Laboratories and Houston Methodist Hospital between March 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014.