Ddx21 mutant peptide is an effective neoantigen in prophylactic lung cancer vaccines and activates long-term anti-tumor immunity.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing. Although low-dose CT lung cancer screening has been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality, its adoption rate is limited and the pace of its promotion is slow, highlighting the urgent need for more effective prevention measures. Prophylactic vaccines play a crucial role in cancer prevention.

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition mediates the therapeutic effects in Parkinson's disease mice by modulating inflammation and neurogenesis in a gut microbiota dependent manner.

Abnormal tryptophan metabolism is closely linked with neurological disorders. Research has shown that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), the first rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan degradation, is upregulated in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the precise role of IDO-1 in PD pathogenesis remains elusive.

Mechanism of S100A9-mediated astrocyte activation via TLR4/NF-κB in Parkinson's disease.

Astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation plays a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. The proinflammatory protein S100A9 is linked to various neurodegenerative diseases, but its involvement in astrocyte activation in PD remains unclear. Here, we investigate the role of S100A9 in astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in PD.

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of flavonoid accumulation in different cultivars of Platostoma palustre.

Background: Platostoma palustre is a kind of plant resource with medicinal and food value, which has been differentiated into many different varieties after a long period of breeding. The cultivars of Taiwan(TW) and Pingyuan(PY) are widely grown in Guangdong, but a clear basis for species differentiation has not yet been established, resulting in the mixing of different species which limits their production and application.

Results: Regarding leaf surface morphology, the TW exhibited greater leaf area, non-glandular hairs, and the number of stomata than the PY.

A Pilot Study on a Possible Mechanism behind Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: The Association of TAAR1 Downregulation with Neuronal Loss and Inflammation along Olfactory Pathway.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized not only by motor symptoms but also by non-motor dysfunctions, such as olfactory impairment; the cause is not fully understood. Our study suggests that neuronal loss and inflammation in brain regions along the olfactory pathway, such as the olfactory bulb (OB) and the piriform cortex (PC), may contribute to olfactory dysfunction in PD mice, which might be related to the downregulation of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in these areas. In the striatum, although only a decrease in mRNA level, but not in protein level, of TAAR1 was detected, bioinformatic analyses substantiated its correlation with PD.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of NLR genes in lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri) and their responses to lipopolysaccharide/poly(I:C) challenge.

The nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) is a relatively conserved receptor family involved in natural immunity that plays a key role in the resistance to pathogen invasion and regulation of the innate immune response. Lethenteron reissneri (lamprey) is a representative species of existing ancient jawless vertebrates. Studies of the evolutionary relationship of immune system-related molecules in lampreys can provide an important reference for the origin and evolution of innate immunity.

A bispecific CAR-T cell therapy targeting BCMA and CD38 in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Background: BCMA-specific chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-Ts) have exhibited remarkable efficacy in refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (RRMM); however, primary resistance and relapse exist with single-target immunotherapy. Bispecific CARs are proposed to mitigate these limitations.

Methods: We constructed a humanized bispecific BM38 CAR targeting BCMA and CD38 and tested the antimyeloma activity of BM38 CAR-Ts in vitro and in vivo.

Tranexamic acid for postpartum hemorrhage prevention in vaginal delivery: A meta-analysis.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TA) has been demonstrated to reduce blood loss and the incidences of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during caesarean sections. We compared the clinical efficacy of TA administration on vaginal deliveries with recently published papers.

Methods: Electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Chinese CNKI (Chinese database) and Wanfang were searched through November 2019.

Ferroptosis Contributes to Isoflurane Neurotoxicity.

The underlying mechanisms of isoflurane neurotoxicity in the developing brain remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a recently characterized form of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis or autophagy, characterized by iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation secondary to failure of glutathione-dependent antioxidant defenses. The results of the present study are the first to demonstrate that ferroptosis is a central mechanism contributing to isoflurane neurotoxicity.

miR-190a-5p participates in the regulation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by targeting KLF15 and can serve as a biomarker of diagnosis and prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension.

Purpose: miR-190a-5p expression alters dynamically in response to hypoxia. However, the role of miR-190a-5p expression in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains unclear. We sought to correlate the miR-190a-5p expression levels with the severity, diagnosis, and prognosis of PH in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-PH).

Neurosurgical anesthesia for a pregnant woman with macroprolactinoma: A case report.

Rationale: Being required to perform neurosurgery on a pregnant woman is rare, but occasionally unavoidable. In these cases, clinical anesthesiologists are confronted with conflicting information and few evidence-based guidelines.

Patient Concerns: Here, we describe the successful anesthetic management of a 24-week pregnant woman with macroprolactinoma who underwent endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma.

Clinical efficacy of xenon versus propofol: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Interest in the anesthetic use of xenon, a noble gas, has waxed and waned for decades, and the clinical effects of xenon are still debated. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the clinical efficacy of xenon with that of propofol.

Methods: Electronic searches were performed through December 2017 using various databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.

Calcineurin/P-ERK/Egr-1 Pathway is Involved in Fear Memory Impairment after Isoflurane Exposure in Mice.

Isoflurane exposure adversely influences subsequent fear memory formation in mice. Calcineurin (CaN), a phosphatase, prevents the establishment of emotional memory by dephosphorylating substrates and inhibiting the expression of learning and memory related genes. We investigated whether isoflurane impairment of fear memory formation was associated with altered CaN activity and downstream phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) and early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) expression in hippocampus and amygdala.

Tanshinone IIA Attenuates Sevoflurane Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Mice.

Background: Sevoflurane is the most widely used inhalational anesthetic in pediatric medicine. Despite this, sevoflurane has been reported to exert potentially neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. Clinical interventions and treatments for these effects are limited.

Prefabricated Flaps: Identification of Microcirculation Structure and Supercharging Technique Improving Survival Area.

 Microcirculation is an important factor frequently overlooked when studying the survival of prefabricated flaps. In the current study, we use different prefabrication techniques for characterizing microcirculation within the flap, with the goal of finding an effective way to improve its survival area.  An abdominal prefabricated flap rodent model was created using a two-stage operation.

Preliminary Exploration: When Angiosome Meets Prefabricated Flaps.

 The best known limitation to the use of prefabricated flaps is their limited survival area. One explanation for this is insufficient neovascularization. However, blood flow of prefabricated flaps is through their innate vascular network.

Isoflurane Is More Deleterious to Developing Brain Than Desflurane: The Role of the Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway.

Demand is increasing for safer inhalational anesthetics for use in pediatric anesthesia. In this regard, researchers have debated whether isoflurane is more toxic to the developing brain than desflurane. In the present study, we compared the effects of postnatal exposure to isoflurane with those of desflurane on long-term cognitive performance and investigated the role of the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Celecoxib impairs heart development via inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 activity in zebrafish embryos.

Background: Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, is a commonly ingested drug that is used by some women during pregnancy. Although use of celecoxib is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in adults, its effect on fetal heart development remains unknown.

Methods: Zebrafish embryos were exposed to celecoxib or other relevant drugs from tailbud stage (10.

Development of light response and GABAergic excitation-to-inhibition switch in zebrafish retinal ganglion cells.

The zebrafish retina has been an important model for studying morphological development of neural circuits in vivo. However, its functional development is not yet well understood. To investigate the functional development of zebrafish retina, we developed an in vivo patch-clamp whole-cell recording technique in intact zebrafish larvae.