Alveolar epithelial cells shape lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and reprogramming of alveolar macrophages.

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are sentinels in the airways, where they sense and respond to invading microbes and other stimuli. Unlike macrophages in other locations, AMs can remain responsive to Gram-negative lipopolysaccharides (LPS) after they have responded to LPS in vivo (they do not develop "endotoxin tolerance"), suggesting that the alveolar microenvironment may influence their responses. Although alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) normally limit AMs' innate responses, preventing inflammation induced by harmless antigens in the lung, how AECs influence the innate responses of AMs to infectious agents has been uncertain.

Association of ambient PM and its components with in vitro fertilization outcomes: The modifying role of maternal dietary patterns.

Despite the associations of dietary patterns and air pollution with human reproductive health have been demonstrated, the interaction of maternal preconception diet and PM and its components exposure on in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment outcomes has not been investigated. A total of 2688 couples from an ongoing prospective cohort were included. Principle component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to determine dietary patterns.

SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination and in vitro fertilization treatment: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 on reproductive health is controversial. The association between female SARS-CoV-2 infection and laboratory and pregnancy outcomes following subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between IVF treatment at different time intervals after SARS-CoV-2 infection and reproductive outcomes.

Recent Progress of Bioinspired Cell Membrane in Cancer Immunotherapy.

By modifying immune cells, immunotherapy can activate immune response to establish long-term immune memory and prevent tumor recurrence. However, their effectiveness is largely constricted by the poor immunogenicity, immune escape, and immune tolerance of the tumor. This is related to the characteristics of the tumor itself, such as genome instability and mutation.

Effects of Fireworks Burning on Air Quality during the Chinese Spring Festival-Evidence from Zhengzhou, China.

Fireworks burning significantly degrades air quality over a short duration. The prohibition of fireworks burning (POFB) policy of 2016 and the restricted-hours fireworks burning (RHFB) policy of 2023 in Zhengzhou City provide an ideal opportunity to investigate the effects of such policies and of fireworks burning on air quality during the Spring Festival period. Based on air quality ground-based monitoring data and meteorological data for Zhengzhou City, the article analyzes the impact of the POFB policy and the RHFB policy on air quality.

P65 mediated UBR4 in exosomes derived from menstrual blood stromal cells to reduce endometrial fibrosis by regulating YAP Ubiquitination.

Background: Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a recurrent and refractory reproductive dysfunction disorder for which menstrual blood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs) might be a promising intervention. We reported that administration of MenSCs-derived exosomes (MenSCs-EXO) could achieve similar therapeutic effects to MenSCs transplantation, including alleviating endometrial fibrosis and improving fertility in IUA rats. The mass spectrometry sequencing result suggested that UBR4, a member of the proteasome family, was abundantly enriched in MenSCs-EXO.

Acyloxyacyl hydrolase promotes pulmonary defense by preventing alveolar macrophage tolerance.

Although alveolar macrophages (AMs) play important roles in preventing and eliminating pulmonary infections, little is known about their regulation in healthy animals. Since exposure to LPS often renders cells hyporesponsive to subsequent LPS exposures ("tolerant"), we tested the hypothesis that LPS produced in the intestine reaches the lungs and stimulates AMs, rendering them tolerant. We found that resting AMs were more likely to be tolerant in mice lacking acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH), the host lipase that degrades and inactivates LPS; isolated Aoah-/- AMs were less responsive to LPS stimulation and less phagocytic than were Aoah+/+ AMs.

PDGFBB improved the biological function of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells and the anti-fibrotic properties of exosomes.

Background: Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a reproductive dysfunction disease characterized by endometrial fibrosis, with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Our previous studies confirmed that menstrual blood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs) effectively attenuated endometrial fibrosis in an animal model of IUA mainly through exosomes. This therapeutic effect can be enhanced by platelet-rich plasma (PRP), in which PDGFBB is an abundant growth factor.

Estimates of global research productivity in primary ovarian insufficiency from 2000 to 2021: Bibliometric analysis.

Background: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical phenotypes and etiologies, which is defined as ovarian dysfunction under the age of 40 years. The global prevalence of POI is approximately about 1.1%, and it severely affects female fertility.

A bibliometric analysis of global research on vitamin D and reproductive health between 2012 and 2021: Learning from the past, planning for the future.

Background: Vitamin D plays an invaluable role in reproductive health, but vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are generally common among couples of childbearing age and pregnant women. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution, development trend, and research hotspot of publications on vitamin D and reproductive health.

Methods: The literature on vitamin D and reproductive health between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC).

An Overview of Current Research on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2009 to 2021.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication and participate in numerous physiological and pathological processes in the body. This study aims to introduce the research status, analyze the research hotspots, and predict the development trend through bibliometric analysis of MSC-EVs. We searched all relevant literature on MSC-EVs from 2009 to 2021 in the Web of Science.

Imaging Net Retrograde Axonal Transport In Vivo: A Physiological Biomarker.

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a novel method for monitoring the integrity of motor neurons in vivo by quantifying net retrograde axonal transport.

Methods: The method uses single photon emission computed tomography to quantify retrograde transport to spinal cord of tetanus toxin fragment C ( I-TTC) following intramuscular injection. We characterized the transport profiles in 3 transgenic mouse models carrying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated genes, aging mice, and SOD1 transgenic mice following CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.

Bioaccessibility and Absorption of Flavonoid C-glycosides from Abrus mollis Using Simulated Digestion, Caco-2 Cell, and In Situ Single-pass Perfusion Models.

is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of liver diseases due to its hepatoprotection and anti-inflammation, but the absorption properties of its main bioactive ingredients remain unclear. Our previous studies verified that the flavonoid -glycosides, including vicenin-2 (1: ), isoschaftoside (2: ), and schaftoside (3: ), were the major active components in for hepatic protection against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis. This study investigated the bioaccessibility and transport mechanisms of total flavonoid -glycoside, as well as vicenin-2 (1: ), isoschaftoside (2: ), and schaftoside (3: ), in by simulated digestion and use of the Caco-2 cell model.

Systematic Strategy for Metabolites of Amentoflavone and Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis.

Amentoflavone, a biflavonoid occurring in many edible supplements, possesses some bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. In the present study, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method, combined with a three-step analytical strategy, was employed to identify metabolites (rat plasma, bile, urine, and feces) and (rat liver microsomes and rat intestine microsomes). A total of 39 metabolites in rats and nine metabolites in rat microsomes were elucidated by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, and the chemical structure of some isomers was further assigned by calculated Clog  values.

Transport and metabolic profiling studies of amentoflavone in Caco-2 cells by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS.

Amentoflavone, a kind of biflavonoid existing in several medicinal plants such as Selaginella moellendorfi and Gingko biloba, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-virus, anti-tumor activities. In the present study, a new reliable and sensitive UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed to determine the permeability of amentoflavone under different conditions, and its metabolites in Caco-2 cells were identified by means of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method. The results showed that amentoflavone could be considered as a compound with moderate intestinal absorption in Caco-2 cell model and its absorption characteristics might be involved in paracellular passive penetration and clathrin-mediated endocytosis with no participation of efflux transporters.

Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Homozygous for Phe508del.

Background: Combination treatment with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators tezacaftor (VX-661) and ivacaftor (VX-770) was designed to target the underlying cause of disease in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Methods: In this phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, we evaluated combination therapy with tezacaftor and ivacaftor in patients 12 years of age or older who had cystic fibrosis and were homozygous for the CFTR Phe508del mutation. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 100 mg of tezacaftor once daily and 150 mg of ivacaftor twice daily or matched placebo for 24 weeks.

Efficacy and safety of NVA237 versus placebo and tiotropium in patients with COPD: the GLOW2 study.

NVA237 (glycopyrronium bromide) is a once-daily long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) in development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The GLycopyrronium bromide in COPD airWays clinical Study 2 (GLOW2) evaluated the efficacy and safety of NVA237 in moderate-to-severe COPD over 52 weeks. Patients were randomised 2:1:1 to NVA237 50 μg, placebo or open-label tiotropium 18 μg for 52 weeks.

Efficacy and safety of once-daily NVA237 in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD: the GLOW1 trial.

Background: NVA237 is a once-daily dry-powder formulation of the long-acting muscarinic antagonist glycopyrronium bromide in development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The glycopyrronium bromide in COPD airways clinical study 1 (GLOW1) evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of NVA237 in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.

Methods: Patients with COPD with a smoking history of ≥ 10 pack-years, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 80% and ≥ 30% predicted normal and FEV1/forced vital capacity < 0.

Optimal Partitioning for Linear Mixed Effects Models: Applications to Identifying Placebo Responders.

A long-standing problem in clinical research is distinguishing drug treated subjects that respond due to specific effects of the drug from those that respond to non-specific (or placebo) effects of the treatment. Linear mixed effect models are commonly used to model longitudinal clinical trial data. In this paper we present a solution to the problem of identifying placebo responders using an optimal partitioning methodology for linear mixed effects models.

Antiphospholipid antibodies and subsequent thrombo-occlusive events in patients with ischemic stroke.

Context: The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) has been associated with vascular occlusive events. However, the role of aPL in predicting ischemic events, particularly recurrent ischemic stroke, is controversial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of baseline aPL positivity (ie, positivity for anticardiolipin antibodies [aCL], lupus anticoagulant antibodies [LA], or both) on subsequent thrombo-occlusive events, including recurrent stroke.