Humidity Disrupts Structural and Chiroptical Properties of Chiral 2D Perovskites.

Chiral two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors have emerged as an exceptional material platform with many design opportunities for spintronic applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of changes to the crystal structure and chiroptical properties upon exposure to atmospheric humidity has not been established. We demonstrate phase degradation to the 1D (MBA)PbI (MBA = methylbenzylammonium) and the hypothetical (MBA)PbI·HO hydrate phases, accompanied by a reduction and disappearance of the chiroptical response.

PLZF-expressing CD4 T cells promote tissue-resident memory T cells in breaking immune tolerance in allergic asthma via IL-15/IL-15Rα signaling.

Background: Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by an allergic response and altered immune tolerance. CD4 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are crucial in the chronic and relapsing pathogenesis of asthma. Furthermore, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is an essential transcription factor involved in asthmatic tolerance and has been implicated in the regulation of CD4CD44 memory T cells.

Exploring the new model of medical innovation and entrepreneurship talent training based on biodesign in eastern China.

With the trend of economic globalization, innovation and entrepreneurship have become critical strategies for national development. College students, particularly, are a primary focus for cultivating awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship, which is essential for implementing national development strategies. The institution in eastern China has developed a program aimed at fostering medical innovation and entrepreneurship through the Biodesign framework.

cfDNA hydroxymethylcytosine profiling for detection metastasis and recurrence of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: A blood-based approach to monitor metastasis and recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains undeveloped. This study aimed to establish a dependable model utilizing cfDNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC) signatures to detect these conditions in ESCC.

Methods: The 5hmC-Seal technique was employed to generate comprehensive 5hmC profiles from the plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of 122 ESCC patients, classified into 72 with metastasis, 50 without metastasis, 30 with recurrence, and 92 without recurrence.

Exploring the potential benefits of growth hormone co-treatment on embryo quality in IVF: a randomized controlled open-label trial.

Research Question: While growth hormone (GH) is hypothesized to potentially enhance embryo quality, results of current basic and clinical researches remain inconclusive. This study assesses the effect of GH supplementation on embryo quality and explores the relationship between baseline insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and the efficacy of GH supplementation among Chinese patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Design: A randomized controlled Open-label trial was performed with 128 women experiencing poor embryonic development in IVF.

Broad complex negatively regulates Fibrohexamerin/P25 by binding to the cis-element BMFA in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Silk proteins, as natural macromolecular substances, hold significant potential for applications in biomaterials and biomedical fields. The expression of silk protein genes exhibits spatiotemporal specificity. Broad Complex (BrC), a key primary response factor to 20-hydroxyecdysone, plays a crucial role in metamorphosis.

Endoscopic endonasal pituitary transposition trans-tuber-cinereum for resection of the third ventricle craniopharyngioma.

Endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to craniopharyngioma has been widely used in the last decade. However, intrinsic third ventricle craniopharyngioma is still a difficult type for EEA. Endoscopic endonasal suprachiasmatic trans-lamina terminalis approach is an alternative solution.

Discovery of a novel quinoline RIP1 inhibitor and its treatment of acute liver injury in mice.

Necroptosis is closely associated with the development of inflammatory diseases, including acute liver injury. However, the precise role of necroptosis-related signature proteins in acute liver injury remains incompletely understood. Previously, our group investigated Compound o1, a RIP1 inhibitor, but its antinecroptosis activity and RIP1 binding affinity were suboptimal.

Artificial Intelligence for Patient Support: Assessing Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Answering Postoperative Rhinoplasty Questions.

Background: While artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare, inaccurate or incomplete information from pre-trained large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT poses significant risks to patient safety. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a promising solution by leveraging curated knowledge bases to enhance accuracy and reliability, especially in high-demand specialties like plastic surgery.

Objectives: This study evaluates the performance of RAG-enabled AI models in addressing postoperative rhinoplasty questions, aiming to assess their safety and identify necessary improvements for effective implementation into clinical care.

Mining Highly Active Oleate Hydratases by Structure Clustering, Sequence Clustering, and Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction.

Oleate hydratases (Ohys) catalyze the conversion of oleic acid (OA) to 10-()-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA), a compound widely used in the chemical industry. However, the limited activity of Ohys has hindered their broader applications. To address this limitation, we propose a novel strategy for mining highly active Ohys through structure clustering, sequence clustering, and ancestral sequence reconstruction (SSA strategy).

Extended grain filling has potential to improve yield in grain sorghum.

Yield increase in sorghum has been achieved primarily by increasing grain number. Scope exists to increase yield by increasing grain size, however this has been limited by the negative correlation between grain size and grain number. Extending the duration of the grain filling period has potential to enable increased grain size without the trade-off with grain number.

Low-calorie diets and remission of type 2 diabetes in Chinese: phenotypic changes and individual variability.

Background: Chinese have distinct phenotypes of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity compared with people of other ethnicities, but using low-calorie diets to achieve T2D remission has never been conducted in Chinese. This study aimed to assess if T2D remission can be achieved using low-calorie formula diet (LCFD) and low-calorie real food-based diet (LCRFD) in Chinese similarly to other populations and to identify determinants of individual variability in T2D remission.

Methods: This 6-month intervention consisted of a 3-month isocaloric intensive weight loss phase (815-835 kcal/d) and a 3-month weight maintenance phase.

Human gut microbial aromatic amino acid and related metabolites prevent obesity through intestinal immune control.

Obesity affects millions of people in the world. The gut microbiome influences body fat accumulation, but the mechanisms remain to be investigated. Here, we show an association between microbial aromatic amino acid metabolites in serum and body fat accumulation in a large Chinese longitudinal cohort.

Impact of tea and coffee consumption during pregnancy on children's cognitive development.

Evidence on the association between maternal tea/coffee consumption and children's cognitive development is limited. This study included 1423 mother-child pairs from the Chinese National Birth Cohort (CNBC). Maternal tea/coffee consumption status was collected in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.

Seismic reliability analysis of reinforced slope considering soil parameter dependence structure.

Research on the seismic performance of slopes is of great significance for ensuring the long-term stability of engineering projects, protecting human life and property, and reducing economic losses. Previous studies have shown that when studying slope stability, it is essential to consider the dependence structure among soil parameters. Therefore, in this study on the seismic reliability of reinforced slopes, the Copula function was introduced to represent the dependence structure between soil cohesion and the internal friction angle.

A Facile Way to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Hydrophobic Drugs via Amorphous Solid Dispersions.

Approximately 40% of marketed drugs and 75% of invested drugs in the pharmaceutical field are poorly soluble hydrophobic drugs with minimal solubility in water which make them difficult to be absorbed by the body and significantly limiting their applications. Among chemotherapeutic agents, numerous antitumor drugs such as platinum compounds, camptothecin, paclitaxel and others are also restricted in processing and preparation due to solubility issues. Therefore, improving the solubility and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of drugs have always been significant research topics in current pharmaceutics.

THE USAGE AND REPORTING OF DENTAL PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES AMONG SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS IN ORTHODONTICS: A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY.

Objective: To summarize and analyze the usage and reporting of dental patient-reported outcomes (dPROs) within systematic reviews (SRs) published in 5 leading orthodontic journals between 2015 and 2023.

Methods: A manual search was conducted to identify intervention (therapeutic or preventive) involved SRs published in selected journals between 2015 and 2023 from the official online archives. Two authors independently and in duplicate extracted the characteristics of each included SR, recording both the usage of dPROs in the Methods sections and the reporting of dPROs in the Results sections.

Dual-pathway EEG model with channel attention for virtual reality motion sickness detection.

Background: Motion sickness has been a key factor affecting user experience in Virtual Reality (VR) and limiting the development of the VR industry. Accurate detection of Virtual Reality Motion Sickness (VRMS) is a prerequisite for solving the problem.

New Method: In this paper, a dual-pathway model with channel attention for detecting VRMS is proposed.

Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into ABA alleviating postharvest physiological deterioration of cassava.

Cassava, a staple crop in tropical regions, suffers from rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), limiting its shelf life. Although abscisic acid (ABA) has shown potential in alleviating PPD, the underlying regulatory pathways remain largely unexplored. In this study, physiological assays demonstrated that exogenous ABA alleviated PPD in cassava by decreasing HO content.

Kolmogorov Scaling in Turbulent 2D Bose-Einstein Condensates.

We investigated turbulence in 2D atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) using a minimally destructive, impurity injection technique analogous to particle image velocimetry in conventional fluids. Our approach transfers small regions of the BEC into a different hyperfine state and tracks their displacement, ultimately yielding the velocity field. This allows us to quantify turbulence in the same way as is conventional in fluid dynamics in terms of velocity-velocity correlation functions, called velocity structure functions, that obey Kolmogorov scaling laws.

Polymer-based O-band waveguide amplifier using NaLuF: Yb, Pr-PMMA nanocomposite as the gain medium.

Nanoparticle (NP)-doped polymer waveguide devices have attracted increasing interest in some rapidly developing areas of broadband communications because they are easy to integrate on chip. As an important part of the gain medium of waveguide amplifiers, lanthanide-doped nanoparticles have been widely studied to improve the amplification performance of devices. However, current research work is almost limited to erbium-doped nanoparticles and amplifiers operating in the C-band.

On-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer for 1550 nm laser frequency stabilization.

Low-noise stable lasers have broad applications in metrology, spectroscopy, communication, and quantum physics. Here we demonstrate locking a semiconductor laser to an on-chip silicon nitride Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) using the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) stabilization technology. After locking, the frequency noise of the laser is suppressed by up to 37 dB, and the relative stability reaches 3 10 at a gate time of 1 ms, showing an order of magnitude improvement compared to a free-running operation.

Dual-Site Passivation Coupling Internal Encapsulation via 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made significant progress in efficiency, but their long-term operational stability remains an important yet challenging issue. Here, a dual-site passivation coupling internal encapsulation strategy is developed by introducing 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-benzenethiol (35BBT) at the perovskite (PVK)/hole transport layer (HTL) interface. 35BBT provides dual active sites containing sulfur (S) atoms and fluorine (F) atoms, where the S atoms in the sulfhydryl group and the F atoms in the trifluoromethyl group coordinate with unpaired Pb to form coordinate bonds, meanwhile the F atoms in the trifluoromethyl group form hydrogen bonds with organic cations.

FlowHON: Representing Flow Fields Using Higher-Order Networks.

Flow fields are often partitioned into data blocks for massively parallel computation and analysis based on blockwise relationships. However, most of the previous techniques only consider the first-order dependencies among blocks, which is insufficient in describing complex flow patterns. In this work, we present FlowHON, an approach to construct higher-order networks (HONs) from flow fields.