The impact of cold spells and heat waves frequencies on the prevalence and incidence of stroke in middle-to-elderly age population in China: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Stroke, a key cardiovascular disease, is impacted by cold spells and heat waves. However, limited sample size and unclear impact on the aging population's prevalence and incidence remain concerns. We aim to explore the association between cold spells and heat waves frequency and stroke in middle-aged and elderly people in China.

The structures of four bombesins and their cloned precursor-encoding cDNAs from acid-solvated skin secretion of the European yellow-bellied toad, Bombina variegata.

Four different bombesins (bombesin, His(6)-bombesin, Phe(13)-bombesin and Asp(2)-, Phe(4)-SAP-bombesin) have been identified by a systematic sequencing study of peptides in reverse phase HPLC fractions of the skin secretion of the European yellow-bellied toad, Bombina variegata, that had been solvated in 0.1% (v/v) aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and stored frozen at -20°C for 12 years. By using a 3'- and 5'-RACE PCR strategy, the corresponding biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNAs of all four peptides were cloned from a cDNA library made from the same long-term frozen, acid-solvated skin secretion sample following thawing and lyophilization.