Comparative efficacy and safety of first‑line PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors in immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer: A network meta‑analysis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. The emergence of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors offers new therapeutic options for patients with advanced NSCLC, but a comprehensive evaluation of their efficacy and safety is still lacking. In the present study randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2005 to May 2023 were identified through searches of PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase.

Evidence-based recommendations for the prophylactic use of antiseizure medications (ASMs) in neurosurgery: a systematic review of guidelines.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the methodological quality of guidelines concerning the prophylactic use of antiseizure medications (ASMs) in neurosurgery and to summarize relevant recommendations.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), Guidelines International Network (GIN), and other guideline repositories and official organizations were searched from 2004 to 2023 (20 years). The extracted information consisted of the guideline characteristics, relevant recommendations, levels of evidence, and strength of recommendations.

Real-world research on beta-blocker usage trends in China and safety exploration based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Background: Beta-blockers are widely used, with continuously updated clinical recommendations. However, their application faces challenges in personalized treatment and safety. The study aimed to investigate the frequency and patterns of prescribing beta-blockers in China and to explore potential adverse event risk signals associated with beta-blockers, providing reference for rational medication use in clinical settings.

Cardiovascular outcomes of urate-lowering therapies in patients with gout or hyperuricemia: a network meta-analysis.

Background: To evaluate the comparative cardiovascular safety of urate-lowering therapies (ULTs) in patients with gout or hyperuricemia.

Research Design And Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for ULTs with reported cardiovascular outcomes were included. Pairwise and network random-effect meta-analyses were performed to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure on the gut microbiota of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii).

With the advancement of nanotechnology and the growing utilization of nanomaterials, titanium dioxide (TiO) has been released into aquatic environments, posing potential ecotoxicological risks to aquatic organisms. In this study, the toxicological effects of TiO nanoparticles were investigated on the intestinal health of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii). The pearl oysters were subjected to a 14-day exposure to 5-mg/L TiO nanoparticle, followed by a 7-day recovery period.

The Effects of Selenium Supplementation in the Treatment of Autoimmune Thyroiditis: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Objective: The available evidence on selenium supplementation in the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) was inconclusive. This research serves to assess the effects of selenium supplementation in the treatment of AIT.

Methods: Online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 10 June 2022.

Utilization of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in children and adolescents in China: a real-world study.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been widely used in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity in adults, but scientific research about the indication in children and adolescents is scarce. The current study aims to explore the prescriptions of GLP-1RAs in children and adolescents in China and to evaluate its rationality.

Methods: GLP-1RA prescriptions of children and adolescents were retrospectively obtained from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Project.

Real-world national trends and socio-economic factors preference of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in China.

Backgrounds: Robust evidence have demonstrated the beneficial effect of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in T2D patients with cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Multiple studies analyzed patterns and predictors of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in the US, Europe and worldwide. However, there is no study about the utilization of these two classes of drugs in real-world in China.

Identification of parameters needed for optimal anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and corn stover.

While studies have shown that anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure (CM) and corn stover (CS) is an efficient method to treat these agricultural wastes, the microbial ecology of these systems and optimal parameters for the digestion process are yet to be determined. In this study, the effects of different initial substrate concentrations and CS : CM mixture ratios on co-digestion and microbial community structure were evaluated. Results demonstrated that both the highest cumulative methane yields and methane production rates were obtained from reactors with a CS : CM ratio of 1 : 1 during hemi-solid-state anaerobic digestion (HSS-AD).

Comparison of varying operating parameters on heavy metals ecological risk during anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and corn stover.

In this study, the potential ecological risk of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, As, Cd, Pb, Cr) accumulation from anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure (CM) and corn stover (CS) was evaluated by comparing different initial substrate concentrations, digestion temperatures, and mixture ratios. Results showed that the highest volumetric methane yield of 20.3±1.

Effects of novel semiselective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on ex vivo cardiac structure-function.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of novel semiselective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPI) to protect myocardial structure-function in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury. For this purpose, an isolated rat model of myocardial stunning and infarction was used. Isolated hearts were subjected to 20-30 minutes of global no-flow ischemia and 30-minute reperfusion.

Synthesis of hydroxypyrone- and hydroxythiopyrone-based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors: developing a structure-activity relationship.

The zinc(II)-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with a variety of diseases. Development of inhibitors to modulate MMP activity has been an active area of investigation for therapeutic development. Hydroxypyrones and hydroxythiopyrones are alternative zinc-binding groups (ZBGs) that, when combined with peptidomimetic backbones, comprise a novel class of MMP inhibitors (MMPi).

Efficient synthesis of 5-amido-3-hydroxy-4-pyrones as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases.

3-hydroxy-4-pyrones are a class of important metal chelators with versatile medicinal applications. An efficient pathway for the preparation of new 5-amido-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone derivatives has been developed. The synthesized 5-amido-3-hydroxy-4-pyrones have been evaluated as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases.

Syntheses of hemoprotein models that can be covalently attached onto electrode surfaces by click chemistry.

Five alkyne-containing hemoprotein models have been synthesized in a convergent manner. Sonogashira coupling was used to introduce the alkyne functional group on the proximal imidazole before or after being attached on the porphyrin. One model was immobilized onto a gold electrode surface via copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Sharpless click chemistry).

A cytochrome C oxidase model catalyzes oxygen to water reduction under rate-limiting electron flux.

We studied the selectivity of a functional model of cytochrome c oxidase's active site that mimics the coordination environment and relative locations of Fe(a3), Cu(B), and Tyr(244). To control electron flux, we covalently attached this model and analogs lacking copper and phenol onto self-assembled monolayer-coated gold electrodes. When the electron transfer rate was made rate limiting, both copper and phenol were required to enhance selective reduction of oxygen to water.

Fe L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of low-spin heme relative to non-heme Fe complexes: delocalization of Fe d-electrons into the porphyrin ligand.

Hemes (iron porphyrins) are involved in a range of functions in biology, including electron transfer, small-molecule binding and transport, and O2 activation. The delocalization of the Fe d-electrons into the porphyrin ring and its effect on the redox chemistry and reactivity of these systems has been difficult to study by optical spectroscopies due to the dominant porphyrin pi-->pi(*) transitions, which obscure the metal center. Recently, we have developed a methodology that allows for the interpretation of the multiplet structure of Fe L-edges in terms of differential orbital covalency (i.

Copper(I)-catalyzed chlorine atom transfer radical cyclization reactions of unsaturated alpha-chloro beta-keto esters.

Copper(I) chloride catalyzed chlorine atom transfer radical cyclization reactions of a series of olefinic alpha-chloro beta-keto esters were investigated. It was found that alpha-dichlorinated beta-keto esters were suitable substrates; the chlorine transfer mono or tandem radical cyclization reactions catalyzed by CuCl complex with bis(oxazoline) or bipyridine proceeded smoothly in dichloroethane at room temperature or 80 degrees C, providing cyclic and bicyclic compounds in moderate to high yield. [reaction: see text]

Active-site models of bacterial nitric oxide reductase featuring tris-histidyl and glutamic acid mimics: influence of a carboxylate ligand on Fe(B) binding and the heme Fe/Fe(B) redox potential.

Active-site models of bacterial nitric oxide reductase (NOR) featuring a heme Fe and a trisimidazole- and glutaric acid-bound non-heme Fe (Fe(B)) have been synthesized. These models closely replicate the proposed active site of native NORs. Examination of these models shows that the glutamic acid mimic is required for both Fe(B) retention in the distal binding site and proper modulation of the redox potentials of both the heme and non-heme Fe's.

Efficient synthesis of trisimidazole and glutaric acid bearing porphyrins: ligands for active-site models of bacterial nitric oxide reductase.

Ligands (1) for active-site models of bacterial nitric oxide reductase (NOR) have been efficiently synthesized. These compounds (1) feature three imidazolyl moieties and one carboxylic acid residue at the FeB site, which represent the closest available synthetic model ligands of NOR active center. The stereo conformations of these ligands are established on the basis of steric effects and 1H NMR chemical shifts under the ring current effect of the porphyrin.

Oxygen binding of water-soluble cobalt porphyrins in aqueous solution.

Water-soluble cobalt porphyrin 1Co and imidazole ligand 2 were synthesized. 1Co binds dioxygen in the presence of imidazole ligand 2 in aqueous solution. The formation of the oxygen adduct 2-1Co(O(2)) was studied using UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy.

Lanthanide triflate-promoted palladium-catalyzed cyclization of alkenyl beta-keto esters and amides.

[reaction: see text] Lanthanide triflates were found to promote the palladium-catalyzed cyclization of alkenyl beta-keto esters and amides. In the presence of catalytic amounts of PdCl(2)(MeCN)(2) and Ln(OTf)(3), various alkenyl beta-keto esters and amides underwent regioselective cyclization reactions to give six-, seven-, or eight-membered-ring carbocycles in moderate to excellent yields.

Mild alpha-halogenation reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds catalyzed by Lewis acids.

Lewis acid Mg(ClO4)2, combined with NBS, in CH3CN or EtOAc provided mild and fast bromination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. In particular, this protocol could be applied to the alpha-monobromination of alpha-unsubstituted beta-keto esters. Similar Lewis acid catalysis was also extended to the alpha-chlorination and iodination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with NCS and NIS, respectively.