Biomimetic polydopamine loaded with janus kinase inhibitor for synergistic vitiligo therapy via hydrogel microneedles.

Background: Both oxidative stress and autoimmune responses play crucial roles in the development of vitiligo. Under oxidative stress, the apoptotic melanocytes expose self-antigens and release high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), triggering autoimmune activation and recruiting CD8 T cells. This process further leads to the destruction of melanocytes, resulting in the lack of melanin granules.

Ultra-small platinum nano-enzymatic spray with ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties for photoaging treatment.

Photoaging induced by ultraviolet (UV) results in oxidative stress and inflammation. Noble metal nanozymes have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, which are expected to eliminate the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factors in the photoaged skin. Hence, we have synthesized ultrasmall platinum nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (Pt NPs) with a diameter of nearly 5 nm for photoaging treatment.

Erythrocyte Membrane Camouflaged Nanotheranostics for Optical Molecular Imaging-Escorted Self-Oxygenation Photodynamic Therapy.

Hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) hampers the application of oxygen (O)-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT) in solid tumors. To address this problem, a biomimetic nanotheranostics (named MMCC@EM) is developed for optical molecular imaging-escorted self-oxygenation PDT. MMCC@EM is synthesized by encapsulating chlorin e6 (Ce6) and catalase (CAT) in metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles with erythrocyte membrane (EM) camouflage.

Anticancer Activity of Bitter Melon-Derived Vesicles Extract against Breast Cancer.

Due to their low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility and ready availability in large quantities, plant-derived vesicles extracts have attracted considerable interest as a novel nanomaterial in tumor therapy. Bitter melon, a medicinal and edible plant, has been reported to exhibit excellent antitumor effects. It is well-documented that breast cancer gravely endangers women's health, and more effective therapeutic agents must be urgently explored.

In Situ Sprayed Starvation/Chemodynamic Therapeutic Gel for Post-Surgical Treatment of IDH1 (R132H) Glioma.

Complete resection of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) (R132H) glioma is unfeasible and the classic post-surgical chemo/radiotherapy suffers from high recurrence and low survival rate. IDH1 (R132H) cells are sensitive to low concentrations of glucose and high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to inherent metabolism reprograming. Hence, a starvation/chemodynamic therapeutic gel is developed to combat residual IDH1 (R132H) tumor cells after surgery.

A Versatile Calcium Phosphate Nanogenerator for Tumor Microenvironment-activated Cancer Synergistic Therapy.

Gas therapy is an emerging "green" cancer treatment strategy; however, its outcome often restricted by the complexity, diversity, and heterogeneity of tumor. Herein, a tumor targeting and tumor microenvironment-activated calcium phosphate nanotheranostic system (denoted as GCAH) is constructed for effective synergistic cancer starvation/gas therapy. GCAH is obtained by a facile biomineralization strategy using glucose oxidase (GOx) as a biotemplate, followed by loading of l-Arginine (L-Arg) and modification of hyaluronic acid (HA) to allow special selectivity for glycoprotien CD44 overexpressed cancer cells.

Conquering the Hypoxia Limitation for Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has aroused great research interest in recent years owing to its high spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal invasiveness, and low systemic toxicity. However, due to the hypoxic nature characteristic of many solid tumors, PDT is frequently limited in therapeutic effect. Moreover, the consumption of O during PDT may further aggravate the tumor hypoxic condition, which promotes tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion resulting in poor prognosis of treatment.

Multi-enzyme mimetic ultrasmall iridium nanozymes as reactive oxygen/nitrogen species scavengers for acute kidney injury management.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a kind of kidney disease with a high mortality rate, and is predominantly associated with abundant endogenous reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). However, there are no universal clinical treatment options currently. Development of antioxidants with high kidney enrichment is highly desired to prevent AKI.

Nanocatalytic Theranostics with Glutathione Depletion and Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation for Efficient Cancer Therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging therapy method that kills cancer cells by converting intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H O ) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals ( OH). To overcome the current limitations of the insufficient endogenous H O and the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells, an intelligent nanocatalytic theranostics (denoted as PGC-DOX) that possesses both H O self-supply and GSH-elimination properties for efficient cancer therapy is presented. This nanoplatform is constructed by a facile one-step biomineralization method using poly(ethylene glycol)-modified glucose oxidase (GOx) as a template to form biodegradable copper-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles, followed by the loading of doxorubicin (DOX).

Ultrasound-Enhanced Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy by Using Albumin "Nanoglue"-Based Nanotheranostics.

The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy is considered to enhance the antitumor immunity and combat multidrug resistance. Some preclinical studies have reported a positive therapeutic outcome of using ultrasound (US) irradiation to enhance chemotherapy, but the combination of these three modalities has yet to be investigated. On the basis of the discovery of a strong affinity between a photosensitizer sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) and human serum albumin (HSA), a clinically used albumin-paclitaxel (HSA-PTX) nanoparticle is utilized as a "nanoglue" to load a large amount of DVDMS by simple mixing.

Janus γ-FeO/SiO-based nanotheranostics for dual-modal imaging and enhanced synergistic cancer starvation/chemodynamic therapy.

Multimodal cancer synergistic therapy exhibited remarkable advantages over monotherapy in producing an improved therapeutic efficacy. In this work, Janus-type γ-FeO/SiO nanoparticles (JFSNs) are conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOx) for synergistic cancer starvation/chemodynamic therapy. The γ-FeO hemisphere of JFSNs can perform photoacoustic/T magnetic resonance dual-modal imaging of tumors.

Plasmon-activated nanozymes with enhanced catalytic activity by near-infrared light irradiation.

Nanozymes have attracted extensive attention due to their great potential as alternatives to natural enzymes. Optical control as an external stimulus has become the most attractive method because of its high spatial and temporal resolution. Under the action of excitation light, free electrons on the surface of gold nanorods (GNRs) will collectively oscillate, which is called localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR).

3D printing of hydrogel scaffolds for future application in photothermal therapy of breast cancer and tissue repair.

Surgical removal remains the main clinical approach to treat breast cancer, although risks including high local recurrence of cancer and loss of breast tissues are the threats for the survival and quality of life of patients after surgery. In this study, bifunctional scaffold based on dopamine-modified alginate and polydopamine (PDA) was fabricated using 3D printing with an aim to treat breast cancer and fill the cavity, thereby achieving tissue repair. The as-prepared alginate-polydopamine (Alg-PDA) scaffold exhibited favorable photothermal effect both in vitro and in vivo upon 808 nm laser irradiation.

A Versatile Theranostic Nanoemulsion for Architecture-Dependent Multimodal Imaging and Dually Augmented Photodynamic Therapy.

To design a clinically translatable nanomedicine for photodynamic theranostics, the ingredients should be carefully considered. A high content of nanocarriers may cause extra toxicity in metabolism, and multiple theranostic agents would complicate the preparation process. These issues would be of less concern if the nanocarrier itself has most of the theranostic functions.

[Effects of Straw in Combination with Reducing Fertilization Rate on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activity in the Paddy-Vegetable Rotation Soils].

The effects of straw returning combined the reducing application of chemical fertilizer for crop yield, soil nutrients and enzyme activity were studied in a typical southwestern hilly area of China in a rice-vegetable ( var. Lin.) cropping system.